YTUVI · Brief

Стартовый бриф нового канала. 5 тем по камням · референсы Натальи · Zoom-встреча 2026-04-21.

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2026-04-22 22:59

⭐ S1 · Ep 006 · Flagship — «How to Identify Gemstones» повторить 1-в-1 на RU

В дополнение к 5 тематическим выпускам — отдельный короткий выпуск по мотивам Gemstones channel. Наталья прямо назвала это видео как шаблон, который можно экранизировать «как есть», но на русском. Ниже — YouTube-карточка, таймкодовый transcript оригинала и точка входа для адаптации структуры.

YTUVI-006 · Flagship · How to Identify Gemstones 1-в-1 RU

Короткий 5–8 мин пилот по прямой рекомендации Натальи. Снять в одну сессию.

Полный idea-файл (концепт, hook, b-roll, references)

Flagship · «How to Identify Gemstones» — повторить 1-в-1 на русском

Concept

Короткий выпуск-пилот (5–8 мин), который повторяет структуру референса Gemstones channel. Наталья прямо назвала это видео как шаблон, по которому «можно было бы повторить 1 в 1 на русском». Быстрый, плотный, объясняющий, универсальный для любого зрителя. Отлично работает и как самостоятельное видео, и как постоянная «базовая серия», куда в основных выпусках можно отсылать.

Формат отличается от 001–005: не глубокий часовой интервью-разбор, а короткий structured explainer. Потому это — не шестая тема, а другой тип контента, который задаёт альтернативный ритм канала.

Why this matters

Единственный референс из всех, где Наталья сказала «1-в-1». Это её инженерный сигнал: структура уже проверена, UX работает, надо только перевести и заменить камни на русские примеры.
Хорошая точка старта для канала: короткое видео → ниже порог просмотра → быстрее наберёт «насмотренность» у аудитории.
Даёт базовый vocabulary для 001–005 (плеохроизм, изотропность, шелк, звёздчатые эффекты и т.д.) — дальше в глубоких выпусках можно не останавливаться на определениях.

Reference structure (to replicate)

Оригинал — How to Identify Gemstones (Gemstones/JTV, 5:20, 162k views). См. transcript в YTUVI-S1 или Desktop/YTUVI/. Основные блоки:

1. Intro + why identification matters

2. Sight identification — цвет, прозрачность, игра

3. Tools: лупа 10×, рефрактометр, dichroscope, polariscope

4. Включения как подпись камня

5. Hardness scale как sanity-check

6. Когда надо в лабораторию

7. Outro

Adaptation to RU (draft)

Камни-примеры — взять из того, что есть у Натальи (loose stones она подтвердила)
Инструменты — показать реальную лупу, рефрактометр, dichroscope крупным планом
Легенды и «а ещё в XIX веке…» — вырезаем ради темпа
Продолжение: в конце видео ссылки на выпуски 001–005 как «хочешь глубже про рубин — сюда»

Key Points (must-have в RU-версии)

«Синий = сапфир, красный = рубин. Но у корунда бывает 12+ цветов — только синий "сапфир" по умолчанию.»
Плеохроизм: поворачиваем камень — меняется оттенок = корунд. Не меняется = может быть гранат / шпинель.
Изотропность (гранат, шпинель, бриллиант) vs анизотропность (корунд, изумруд) — простой тест на полярископе.
Шелк, рутил, jardin — «почерк» конкретного семейства.
Когда ты не можешь определить сам → лаборатория.

Hook Ideas

«За 5 минут — научу отличать рубин от граната без лабораторного отчёта.»
«5 инструментов, которые стоят $200 — и ты уже половину ювелирной витрины понимаешь.»
«Как отличить настоящий камень от нагретой подделки — на кухонном столе.»

B-Roll / Visuals

Лупа 10×, рефрактометр, dichroscope, полярископ — макро
Side-by-side: рубин vs гранат vs шпинель на поляризаторе
Плеохроизм: один камень с двух сторон
Таблица hardness scale — анимация
Inclusions: шелк, horsetail, jardin — микроскоп

Production notes

Снять в одну сессию с Натальей (loose stones + её инструменты — всё на руках)
Формат: максимум 8 мин, плотный voiceover, минимум «дрожания».
Референс-transcript vm1iN65V-A0 — использовать как монтажный скелет: по репликам оригинала → свой текст → свой кадр.
После съёмки — может стать «вечным» визитным видео канала (evergreen).

Reference quote from Natalya

> [из переписки] «Вот это прям вообще можно было бы повторить 1 в 1 на русском.»

References

Оригинал: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vm1iN65V-A0 (Gemstones / JTV, 5:20)
Transcript: /Users/romansergeev/Desktop/YTUVI/How_to_Identify_Gemstones_vm1iN65V-A0_en.json
На public Pages: https://romansergeevcom.github.io/YTUVI-S1/#flagship

⭐ FLAGSHIP · 1-в-1 на русском

▶

How to Identify Gemstones

Gemstones · 5:20 · 162 708 views

Наталья: «вот это прям вообще можно было бы повторить 1 в 1 на русском»

Transcript (130 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:05and semi-precious gemstones wait how can

0:09you tell the difference between a

0:10precious and semi-precious gemstone

0:12anyways what do those terms even mean

0:15and how can someone spot the difference

0:17between garnet and spinel or topaz and

0:19tourmaline I'll teach you how to

0:21identify a gemstone in Mordor okay

0:24that's the last of lord of rings puns

0:25for today let's get this out of the way

0:28traditionally the precious gemstones are

0:31diamond emerald ruby and sapphire

0:33semi-precious gemstones are everything

0:36else is it just me or does this

0:37classification seem pretty arbitrary

0:40after all Ruby and Sapphire are

0:42technically the same gemstone corundum

0:44and emerald beryl is considered precious

0:47but other barrels like aquamarine aren't

0:49it gets even more dicey when you look at

0:52opal opal that exhibits play of color is

0:55called precious opal but it's not

0:56considered a precious gemstone what is

0:59going on here no two gems are the same

1:02and since the days of the Ancients

1:04humans have done our best to classify

1:06and categorize them the precious and

1:08semi-precious distinction goes back to

1:10the ancient Greeks but instead of

1:13blindly following tradition let's

1:15evaluate gems based on their own merits

1:17after all is it the world's finest

1:19Sunstone more precious than a low-grade

1:21fake for gem there's no Universal system

1:24for determining the value of a gemstone

1:26precious or otherwise from a seller's

1:29point of view gemstones price and value

1:32will generally be decided by color

1:34rarity and clarity they also look for

1:36defects in the stone its overall quality

1:39and of course in its beauty many

1:41gemstone buyers still adhere to the four

1:43C's when on the hunt for a good deal

1:46they know two gems cut the color clarity

1:48and carat weight but what if you're not

1:51out to buy a gem maybe you tripped over

1:54a pirate's treasure chest in your

1:56day-to-day adventures

1:58anyway you can identify which gems are

2:00which without the help of a professional

2:01like me before you start the first thing

2:05to do is clean your stone with a soft

2:07gem cloth this will remove dirt dust

2:10fingerprints oils lint and fairy

2:12droppings from your stones so you can

2:14get a proper look at it and once the gem

2:16is clean hold your stone with tweezers

2:18the ancients were right about one thing

2:20observing a gems color is the first and

2:23easiest clue when it comes to

2:24identifying a stone try to observe your

2:27gem with just your naked eye either in

2:29daylight or a very well-lit area color

2:32is the most obvious way to start

2:33identifying a gem or mineral after all

2:36if it isn't green it isn't an emerald

2:38and all rubies are red by definition hue

2:41is the overall color of a gem but be

2:44specific is it blue or blue green or

2:46greenish blue the more precise the

2:48better if the stone appears black and

2:51you suspect it might actually be a dark

2:53red green or blue you can shine a light

2:55through it to search for hard to see

2:57colors now you have to decide if your

2:59stone is transparent translucent or

3:01opaque Jade would be a translucent gem

3:04and onyx is opaque or transparent gems

3:07lads look to see if there's fire or

3:09dispersion if you see fire in your stone

3:12you might have a diamond or even a rare

3:15style right or demantoid garnet and this

3:17might be my favorite part bounce the

3:19stone in your palm a little bit to see

3:21how heavy or light it feels as an on the

3:24go test of specific gravity the next

3:26steps involve the light in the loop

3:28we're going to take a quick peek at

3:30optical phenomena and luster pass a

3:33light across the surface of the stone

3:35and check for color change

3:36asterism agile or essence venture

3:40essence and other special

3:41characteristics the light will also help

3:43you assess the gems luster which is how

3:46much light is reflected from the surface

3:47most gems have a vitreous luster like

3:50glass if your gem has a lower luster it

3:53may be dull waxy or earthy if it has a

3:56higher luster it may be adamantine if

3:58you notice any chips in the gem describe

4:01the surface on the inside of the chipped

4:03area - is it curved like a shelfs one

4:06tree like wood or granny likes and most

4:08gems show canoodle or she'll like

4:10fracture

4:11so more unusual fracture types can help

4:13you narrow down your possibilities

4:15assessment beyond this is where the big

4:17guns come in refractometer prices range

4:20from affordable to i need a government

4:22grant and determining a gemstones

4:25refractive index is one of the best ways

4:28to know for sure what you've got between

4:30your tweezers I try not to editorialize

4:32in these videos as much as I love my own

4:35opinions the facts are the facts but I

4:38think there's one very important

4:40question you should ask yourself when

4:41you're identifying and assessing

4:42gemstones

4:43it's a toughy the question that is do I

4:46think this specimen is beautiful or

4:49interesting hopefully the answer will be

4:51yes give me your best lord of the ring

4:53puns and jokes in the comments and don't

4:55forget to Like and subscribe for more

4:58information the topics we discussed

5:00today check out the links below thanks

5:02for watching

YTUVI-001 · Корунд · Рубин

Рубин как красный корунд. Глубоко по одному камню: Бирма/Мозамбик, pigeon blood, insider-рынок, Harry Winston.

Полный idea-файл (концепт, hook, b-roll, references)

Корунд · Рубин

Concept

Первый выпуск новой сезонной формулы: один камень в эфире — идём максимально глубоко. Корунд как минерал (Al₂O₃) + красный окрашиватель Cr = рубин. Никаких «заодно сапфиров» — только рубин и его семейство легенд, источников, рынка. Сапфиры уходят в отдельный выпуск (YTUVI-002).

Structure (канальная формула)

1. Hook — «Камень, за который воины зашивали себя под кожу. И один из которых сейчас стоит больше, чем квартира в Дубае.»

2. Geology — Al₂O₃ + Cr, как зарождается, три эпохи корундов (5 / 100 / 500 млн лет — из разговора с Натальей).

3. Свойства — твёрдость 9, плеохроизм, шелк/рутил, звёздчатые рубины (отдельный тизер на будущее видео про кабошоны).

4. Как определяют месторождение — Бирма (Mogok, закрыта, премия), Мозамбик (современная массовка), Таиланд/Вьетнам (самые дешёвые корунды — «меньше всего лет»).

5. Облагораживание — нагрев (ок), glass-filling (единственное, что лаборатории хейтят, но формально всё ещё рубин).

6. Рынок / аукционы — insider-рынок Бирмы: почему дилеры скупают рубины обратно в Бирму, как это поднимает цены на мозамбикские и на красную шпинель. Christie's/Sotheby's/Phillips — топ-лоты, price index.

7. Как читать сертификат — Pigeon Blood vs Crimson Red (Gübelin), Vibrant, Flower Royal (для сапфиров — тизер 002-го).

8. Harry Winston / Cartier case — гретые рубины в массе, негретые «булыжники» в high-jewellery.

9. Вынос — что спрашивать у ювелира, как проверять сертификат.

Key Points

Рубин = только красный корунд. Любой другой цвет = сапфир.
Бирма (Mogok) и Кашмир — закрытые месторождения. Из-за этого старые бирманские рубины ценятся в разы выше.
Insider-рынок: в Бирме capital controls → дилеры скупают свои же рубины обратно из Гонконга/Бангкока.
Glass-filled — единственный вид облагораживания, который лаборатории хейтят. Но камень всё ещё считается «натуральным».
Pigeon Blood — маркетинговое «золото» на сертификате. Crimson Red (Gübelin) — для камней без флуоресценции.
Harry Winston продаёт гретые рубины в массовке, но не в high-jewellery. Это стандарт рынка.

Reference quotes from kickoff

> [02:01 Наталья] «Бирманские воины зашивали себе рубины под кожу, потому что верили, что рубин даёт энергию, силу. Если происходило заражение — это значит, что рубин отвергал организм, организм был недостоин.»

> [03:17 Наталья] «Почему сейчас бирманские рубины продолжают расти в цене — в Бирме беспорядки, им политически запретили выводить капитал. Дилеры выкупают камни обратно и везут в Бирму. Берманские скупили — мозамбикские пошли следом. Все рубины скупили — красная шпинель пошла следом.»

> [06:15 Наталья] «Гарри Винстон спокойно продаёт украшения с гретыми камнями. Но с маленькими. А в хайджуэрик, где булыжники по миллиону, — только негретые.»

Hook Ideas

«Камень, за который воины зашивали себя под кожу.»
«Почему цена бирманского рубина зависит от военного конфликта, а не от качества.»
«Pigeon blood vs Crimson Red — что на самом деле написано на твоём сертификате.»

B-Roll / Visuals

Макро: бирманский рубин, мозамбикский рубин, glass-filled — сравнение
Анимация Al₂O₃ решётки с замещением Cr
Карта: Mogok, Mozambique, Таиланд, Вьетнам
Страница GRS/Gübelin-сертификата, подсветить поля Origin / Treatment / Pigeon Blood
Архивные фото Sunrise Ruby / Harry Winston high-jewellery

Открытые вопросы / research

Достать у Натальи index цен, которые она смотрит (Sotheby's / Christie's / Phillips)
Подтвердить доступ к loose-камням для макро (Наталья подтвердила — есть в наличии)
Запрос у Gübelin комментария про Crimson Red (долгосрочная заявка)

References

GRS https://www.gemresearch.ch/
Gübelin Gem Lab — Crimson Red terminology
Harry Winston / Cartier — high-jewellery policy по обработке

💬 Цитаты из встречи

2:01 · Наталья«Туда точно можно будет рассказать какие -нибудь легенды. Например, берманские воины зашивали себе рубины под кожу, потому что верили, что рубин дает энергию, силу и так далее. Если происходило заражение и воспаление, это значит, что рубин отвергал организм, организм был недостоин, и поэтому, в общем -то, воин не выживал. А не потому, что случилось заражение. А так -то вообще он усиливал и укреплял воинов до малым силу. Ну, то есть, там есть еще вот такие легенды про них.»

3:17 · Наталья«Почему сейчас берманские рубины, это вот чисто инсайдерская информация с рынка, но мне кажется, она может быть интересна. Почему сейчас берманские рубины и вообще рубины, и вообще красные камни продолжают расти в цене, потому что в Бирме происходят беспорядки военные, там тоже есть люди с деньгами,»

5:30 · Наталья«когда они glass -filled, там получается так, что очень много глаз, стекла, это вот куча камушков рубиновых, они прям заливаются стеклом, и там получается, что ты не понимаешь, лаборатория реально смотрит, и вот это единственный вид облагораживания, который лаборатории хейтят, ну и в целом считается, что это правда низкого качества камни, и у нас они тоже есть, это тоже нужно учитывать, glass -filled, потому что только благодаря этому ты можешь такую низкую цену получить. В общем, там достаточно большая доля стекла. Когда тебя все там заливают, и поэтому он достаточно дешевый. То есть он нагретый, залитый стеклом, весь облагороженный, ну красненький, рубин, рубин, лаборатория тебе подтвердит, что рубин облагороженный, да? Облагороженный, как нагретый, заполненный стеклом, но у тебя будет все -таки рубин, а не лабораторно выращенный рубин, то есть натуральный. Камень всё -таки из земли. Для многих людей это важно. Вот такие примеры запросто можно будет привести на гретых камней, не на гретых камней, не на гретых камней в крутых брендах. Но при этом тот же Гарри Винстон спокойно продаёт украшения с гретыми камнями. Не зазорно. Ну, с маленькими. Вот не хайджуэрик, там, где булыжники по миллиону. А вот всё, что там мелкое у них, это всё гретое, потому что нахера тебе мелочь негретую искать, ты просто переплатишь, и всё. А у них очень большая переплата за бренд. Ну и, соответственно,»

18:08 · Наталья«это тогда вовнутрь этого всего можно было бы попрятать. И что могут писать... Вот смотри, про сертификатах, например, в ЖРС то, что указывает там... Так, он Flower Royal Blue. Другие указывают, не указывают. Какие там цвета для них используются для написания, там вот этот Crimson Red. Виды облагораживания. На что там обратить внимание.»

29:18 · Наталья«лабораторий вот так вот чтобы например я конечно понимаю что я не смогу там например рубины и я такая 1 8 сердцов разных лабораторий на какие -то рубины я может быть так и не наберу мне кажется 6 из 8 я не знаю что это значит что это значит что это подавать на чистую неделю»

Референс-видео по теме

▶

Ruby -King Of The Gemstones? What makes Ruby a Great Gem?- Ruby buyers guide /Tips and Advice (2020)

Your Average Jeweler · 18:57 · 251 947 views

Наталья: «вот это, пожалуй, самое большое подробное про рубин, что я нашла пока»

Transcript (547 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:05hey everybody it's your

0:06average jeweler again and we're back

0:09talking about

0:10king of the gemstones no literally

0:13they're they call it king of the

0:15gemstones in sanskrit

0:17it actually translates to king of the

0:20gemstones

0:22we're gonna have to talk about it

0:31so for those of you that are new here

0:34welcome

0:35this is where we try and learn about

0:36gemstones and jewelry and

0:39some of the good questions that people

0:40ask but today we are literally talking

0:42about a gemstone

0:43that most people do know about and that

0:46is ruby

0:48even though most people know about it

0:50there are a lot of really interesting

0:52things about ruby that

0:53people don't know you hopefully know

0:56that ruby is red

0:58but outside of that there's a lot of

1:00interesting facts

1:02and i've spent some time trying to

1:03gather some things together

1:05some things of course from experience

1:06other things just by

1:08trying to look around and and see what

1:10else there is about ruby and there is a

1:12lot

1:13now if you haven't subscribed to the

1:15channel please subscribe below

1:17click the little notification bell so

1:19you actually see things

1:21and we are still planning on doing a lot

1:23of different videos moving forward i

1:25have some great ideas for the future

1:27so please subscribe so you actually see

1:29those when they do come out

1:30but today ruby now if you've watched

1:34some of my other videos

1:36hopefully you've seen and heard that

1:37ruby is actually the mineral corundum

1:40and what makes that interesting and

1:41unique is it is the same mineral

1:44as sapphire however ruby is specifically

1:48the red designation

1:50now how does it get the red well without

1:53any trace elements

1:54other things outside of its chemical

1:56structure which its chemical structure

1:58is an aluminum oxide

1:59but outside of that other elements can

2:02creep in there and they'll affect the

2:04color

2:05without those elements you have a clear

2:06gemstone when you add in

2:09things like chromium you end up with a

2:12red color

2:13now there are other elements that can

2:15affect this for instance

2:17like iron iron many times will get into

2:20things like

2:20ruby and you get your darker varieties

2:23of ruby

2:24when you add in iron but the bottom line

2:26is

2:27you add in a percent of chromium and you

2:30end up with a very pretty

2:32ruby now if there's less chromium you

2:34actually have

2:36what gets into pink sapphire now one of

2:38the biggest

2:39controversies in the the whole ruby

2:42conversation has to do with when

2:44is it a pink sapphire and when does it

2:46become a ruby

2:48because as soon as somebody can call it

2:50a ruby

2:51it's basically more valuable however

2:55when you're talking about color there's

2:57a level of subjectivity

2:59now sometimes you're looking at a hot

3:01pink stone and it's pretty obvious

3:03it's pink but there is a point when pink

3:06breaks into red and that's one of the

3:08most difficult things to decide

3:09now if you were in some of the countries

3:12where these stones come from

3:14they will many times be selling pink

3:16sapphires as

3:17ruby partly because that's the cultural

3:20norm

3:20and partly because they believe they can

3:22get more money by doing so

3:24but at the end of the day you need to

3:26see it for yourself

3:28see that it's red and make your own

3:30determination in the u.s

3:32we don't have as much of a problem but

3:34occasionally you do see what i would

3:36call a pink

3:37sapphire being sold as a ruby something

3:40to be aware of

3:41now one other difference that ruby has

3:44from sapphire is that they have

3:46different crystal habits

3:48and that means that when they grow they

3:50naturally grow into different shapes

3:53when you look at a sapphire you have

3:55what we often call a bipyramidal shape

3:58when you look at a ruby you usually have

4:01a much more tabular shape

4:03now this tabular habit doesn't affect a

4:06lot of things but what it does show

4:08itself in

4:09is the final product you'll notice that

4:11rubies have a tendency to be very

4:13shallow

4:14when they're cut and that is because of

4:17how they grow

4:18rubies grow in a tabular form so they

4:21end up being very shallow when they're

4:23finished

4:24the practical through of this

4:28is that they have what we call windowing

4:30meaning meaning you can almost

4:31see through them at times it doesn't

4:34affect every single ruby the same but it

4:36is something to watch out for

4:38because it affects how pretty it looks

4:40and therefore

4:41it affects the value but it's just an

4:43interesting thing to note

4:45because a lot of people will notice that

4:47and maybe not make the connection that

4:49it goes

4:49all the way back to the crystal

4:51structure so gemologists

4:53will often call ruby the rock star

4:56of the gem world so again king of the

4:58gems rockstar the gem world

5:00a lot of it has to do with people have

5:02loved red for

5:04ever and that's a big part however

5:07corundum as a mineral is of course very

5:10tough

5:11and very hard it has a hardness of about

5:13a nine

5:14i shouldn't say about it's actually the

5:16mineral they use to designate nine so it

5:18is supposed to be nine

5:20but there are variances that they need

5:22to account for

5:23but nine gives you a very hard gemstone

5:26that's very

5:26practical it's hard enough for most

5:28everyday wear type rings

5:30it's not going to be as hard or as tough

5:33as diamond however

5:35it's a very good stone when you're

5:37trying to look for something practical

5:39one more quick note it is the birthstone

5:41for july

5:42and so those of you that are trying to

5:44figure out birthstones you can slot in

5:46ruby into july

5:48another thing i wanted to talk about is

5:50just generally speaking to where it

5:52falls in the value spectrum

5:54as you might guess from some of my

5:56previous statements in this video

5:58it can carry one of the highest price

6:01price tags

6:02of any gemstone and per carat it often

6:06does have the highest price tag

6:09when you compare it to other gemstones

6:11so it's incredibly valuable

6:13but as i've talked about in my other

6:15videos you have to consider its

6:17characteristics specific to that stone

6:20because not every ruby is the most

6:24valuable

6:24but it can be and that's an important

6:27distinction

6:28something else that's really interesting

6:29about ruby is that it can be a

6:31fluorescent gemstone

6:33and while fluorescence is negatively

6:36looked at

6:37in the clear stone community like

6:39diamonds fluorescence in something like

6:41a ruby almost makes it look like it's a

6:43glowing red

6:44it's really fascinating not all rubies

6:47fluoresce that way

6:49i have heard people of saying that's how

6:50you can test rubies

6:52it's really not definitive but rubies

6:54can fluoresce

6:55and it can be beautiful it has to do

6:57again with the chromium

6:59but it also has to do with not having

7:02some of the other impurities

7:04and rubies can grow within different

7:06host rocks

7:07you have some rubies growing in marble

7:10which are usually the nicer more

7:12valuable ones and then you have your

7:13basalt

7:14rubies now the basalt rubies will often

7:18times

7:18inherently have more iron in them and

7:21make them a lot

7:22darker darker to the point where they're

7:24less attractive

7:25marble rubies usually have fewer

7:28impurities

7:29that end up going into the crystal so

7:31you end up with more of a just

7:33pure chromium and that oftentimes makes

7:36for the most beautiful

7:38stones now rubies are a significant

7:41gemstone

7:42there's no denying that going all the

7:43way back to being mentioned

7:45four times in the bible and being

7:47revered by many cultures

7:49all the way through into the middle ages

7:51having a very high price and being

7:53associated with

7:54some lore stories but

7:58there are some connections with ruby

8:01that again

8:02are correct but also may be

8:05misunderstood

8:06one of those has to do with the best

8:09rubies in the world

8:10coming from myanmar or what

8:13a lot of people still refer to as burma

8:17you may have heard a reference to

8:18burmese rubies

8:20or sometimes people even talk about

8:22pigeon blood rubies

8:25pigeon blood rubies refer to a very

8:27specific strong

8:28color of ruby like something like

8:31imperial jade it gets

8:33misused and abused constantly people

8:36thinking they have a more valuable ruby

8:38than they do and not using that

8:40word appropriately because it really

8:42should re refer to a very small

8:44percentage of the nicest rubies in the

8:46whole world

8:48but going back to that whole

8:50conversation of burmese rubies

8:52something that's often misunderstood is

8:54that while

8:56some of the nicest rubies throughout

8:58history have

8:59come from that region a lot of very

9:02inexpensive rubies

9:04have also come from that region because

9:07within that country of burma or what we

9:09now call myanmar

9:11you have different distinct minds

9:14and some of them like the mogak mind i'm

9:17sure i butchered that pronunciation

9:19you have a lot of marble bearing

9:23ruby and in the other you have more of

9:27that basalt based

9:28as we mentioned before so when someone

9:31says a

9:31burmese ruby just like when someone says

9:35ruby it is not inherently valuable or

9:38nice

9:39so again every gemstone should be looked

9:41at on its own merits

9:43but some of the nicest gemstones have

9:46come

9:47from that region other places where

9:50rubies have been found

9:52it's a long list but i'll name a few of

9:54the more popular and common ones

9:56you have thailand you have australia you

9:59have

9:59brazil you have cambodia as well as

10:02some other african countries tanzania

10:05for instance

10:07it's it's not a gemstone that has been

10:10relegated to a very small region

10:12like some however depending on that

10:16region

10:17depending on the host rock you will get

10:19varying qualities of the stone

10:22some of them may be requiring more

10:24treatment to make them attractive

10:26than others and that maybe brings me to

10:29my

10:29biggest point when watching out for

10:31value

10:32i mention it in all my videos treatments

10:36can and do dramatically affect the value

10:39of a gemstone

10:40now they can also affect how attractive

10:43it is

10:44but one of the biggest problems with

10:47treatments lies in their stability

10:49and while heat treatment is generally

10:52accepted

10:53throughout the industry not every

10:56treatment is

10:57heat treatment is accepted because it

10:59can be done naturally in the earth

11:01in fact most stones have already been

11:04heated in the earth in some way

11:06so having some kind of a controlled heat

11:08treatment

11:09where you end up with a stable stone

11:12is fine some of the less acceptable ones

11:15have to do with when you've introduced

11:17an entirely new element like diffusion

11:19treating

11:20where they are technically heating it up

11:22but they're heating it up to a point

11:23where another element is actually

11:25soaking into the gemstone

11:28this is a problem for a few reasons i'm

11:30sure you can imagine

11:31but it's not always stable and sometimes

11:33it's very close to the surface of the

11:35stone

11:35like in sapphires it's not very deep

11:38penetrating so as soon as the stone is

11:40polished down a bit

11:42you end up losing a lot of that color

11:44but maybe the most detrimental thing

11:46with rubies has to do with lead glass

11:49filling

11:50and a lot of people don't realize how

11:52widespread this

11:53is it's better than it used to be

11:56several years ago

11:57uh we're talking probably around 2010

12:00maybe

12:02you were seeing a lot of a lot of lead

12:04glass rubies

12:06what does that mean it means they were

12:08taking very low

12:09quality ruby or sometimes even just

12:12corundum that had a little bit of red to

12:14it

12:15and they were putting lead glass into it

12:19which is a relatively easy treatment for

12:21them to do again they're heating it up

12:22to the point where the glass flows into

12:24the little fissures and cracks

12:26and it gives it the appearance of being

12:28a cleaner gemstone than it really is

12:31in these cases sometimes they're doing

12:32it with dyed glass

12:34or they're dyeing the stone in some way

12:36all of this goes back

12:38to they're taking a very inexpensive

12:41very common stone

12:44it's not nearly as rare and they're

12:47trying to make it pretty

12:49that's fine except when you get into all

12:52the problems with disclosing this and

12:54being able to identify it

12:56the internet has been plastered with

12:59light glass rubies

13:00a lot of jewelers are very cautious

13:02about who they buy rubies from

13:04if they sell them at all and many people

13:08will even demand a lab report

13:10if they're buying a decent ruby just to

13:12make sure that this is not a problem

13:14because it can be difficult to identify

13:16in some cases

13:17ones that are heavily treated we're

13:19talking like 70

13:21of the stone is basically glass those

13:23are a little bit easier to look at under

13:25loop and

13:25and determine but some of them were

13:27maybe they've they've

13:29taken 20 to 30 percent of the stone

13:31where it's glass

13:33those can be difficult to see and

13:37those you will probably want a lab

13:38report if you're investing in a nicer

13:40stone

13:41rep reputable jewelers tend to watch out

13:44for who they get these from

13:45but i've spent a lot of time talking

13:47about it because it is a real issue and

13:49a lot of people think they end up with

13:51these

13:51really valuable rubies and they can't

13:55understand why they only had to pay five

13:56dollars for their ruby and someone paid

13:585000 for theirs

13:59there's always a reason i just wanted to

14:03emphasize that that has been a real

14:05problem and it's something that doesn't

14:06get talked about

14:08or identified nearly enough disclosure

14:11especially through a lot of online

14:13retailers

14:14if they're only selling online through

14:17certain websites you probably know what

14:18i'm talking about

14:20there's a good chance they're not

14:21disclosing everything and if it's a very

14:24inexpensive ruby

14:25that's probably a reason why so at the

14:28end of the day

14:29what things actually affect the value of

14:31a ruby maybe you're thinking about

14:33buying one

14:34maybe you're just curious maybe you

14:36already bought one and

14:38you're starting to question some things

14:40but you have

14:41treatments obviously that we just talked

14:43about you have the four c's

14:45just like you do in diamond how well

14:47it's cut we talked about windowing

14:49and even if you want something that has

14:51a little more brilliance

14:53the general cut of the stone is

14:55important obviously the carat weight the

14:57size of the stone

14:58that's going to make a big difference

15:00and then the clarity is also something

15:03clarity is not looked at the same as it

15:05is in diamonds

15:06but generally speaking the question

15:08you're asking are

15:11what are the eye visible inclusions and

15:13how easily can you see them

15:15that's really what you want to do maybe

15:17you want to look at it under a loop

15:19you could even look at it under a

15:20microscope but because it's not

15:22transparent

15:24you're not as concerned as you would be

15:26with something like a diamond but you do

15:28want to

15:28talk about clarity because heavy

15:31inclusions can affect the durability

15:33and then also heavy inclusions can be

15:36distracting and they can take away from

15:37the beauty or they can cause

15:39other coloring and so you have that

15:42and then just like diamonds color is

15:44important but in a very different way

15:47color is actually important because you

15:49want a nice saturation you want a nice

15:52color you want a nice hue but you don't

15:54want it too dark you don't want it too

15:56light

15:57and you do see things like zoning

16:00where you have a high saturation of

16:02color in one part

16:03and yet it's very light in another this

16:06is a little bit more common in sapphire

16:08than it is in ruby

16:09but it is something to watch out for if

16:11you're trying to find a nice stone

16:13again if all you're doing is price

16:16shopping

16:16find the cheapest stone but if you're

16:18concerned about some of these things you

16:20have to know what questions to ask

16:22and i do want to give you a couple other

16:24buying tips

16:26so first of all you've heard me say this

16:28a lot try and find a jeweler that you

16:29can trust

16:31jewelers have a lot of their reputation

16:34based off of trust

16:35and while maybe at times you can get a

16:38better deal online

16:39you don't always know what you're

16:40getting and you don't always know who

16:41you're dealing with

16:43and they're not as reliant on trust

16:46as someone who is standing in front of

16:50you

16:50yes you can rate things but even that

16:53becomes very sketchy at times

16:56amazon right now has had difficulty

16:58trying to control fake reviews so

17:01you can't totally rely on that as being

17:04your

17:05backdrop for trusting the review system

17:08but i would recommend finding a jeweler

17:10that you can trust

17:12also as i mentioned in this video don't

17:14confuse origin

17:16with quality that does happen

17:20some people don't care at all where it

17:21comes from they just want a pretty stone

17:24just because it comes from a certain

17:26place like burma

17:28does not mean that it's a better stone

17:31some people may want that provenance but

17:33don't confuse those things

17:35also make sure to ask about treatments

17:38unless otherwise stated you can assume

17:40that it's heat treated

17:41that's just how it is if it's not heat

17:44treated then it actually has a higher

17:46premium without heat treatment we just

17:48would not have hardly any

17:50pretty rubies lastly if you're concerned

17:55ask for a lab report try and get a stone

17:57that has a lab report

17:59particularly from a good reputable lab

18:03something like gia you've heard me

18:04mention ags

18:06is another one these are places that

18:08should put an

18:10unbiased statement

18:13as to whether this has been treated or

18:15how it's been treated

18:17and really that's one of the biggest

18:18things when it comes to determining

18:20value outside of that subjective

18:22color matter as always i hope you

18:26learned something i hope you'll share it

18:27with

18:28me below and i do again

18:31plan on putting out some new videos and

18:33i have what i think are some

18:35fun questions we're going to be

18:36answering in the future so again if you

18:38haven't subscribed

18:39please subscribe below hit the

18:40notification button and

18:42keep coming back so we can keep learning

18:54together

▶

Three Precious Gems: Rubies, Emeralds, Sapphires

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0:04rubies sapphires and emeralds they are

0:08the Holy Trinity of the most precious

0:09colored gemstones on earth the radiant

0:12hues of red green and blue are the

0:15finest Mother Nature has to offer for

0:17thousands of years pharaohs and

0:19Emperor's kings and queens have all

0:21coveted these beautiful lustrous gems

0:24the royalty the Maharajah's in India the

0:27royal families in England these people

0:29have always collected the gemstones

0:31because it was not just a sign of wealth

0:33they considered it a sign of power these

0:36three gemstones are true miracles of

0:38nature and are rarer even than diamonds

0:40they're timeless beauty inspires love

0:43passion and loyalty and with proper care

0:46their durability ensures that they can

0:49be handed down from generation to

0:51generation join us as we travel to

0:53remote mining towns visit the world's

0:56finest gem cutters and discover the

0:58secret world of these three precious

1:01gems

1:31throughout the ages rubies sapphires and

1:35emeralds have been coveted by mankind

1:37along with diamonds they are the

1:40ultimate symbols of wealth power and

1:42prestige during the Middle Ages they

1:45were known as the cardinal gems for

1:47their extensive use in the clergies most

1:49precious ceremonial objects crucifixes

1:52rings and amulets all bore these gems as

1:55symbols of virtue and piety over the

1:58centuries the big stones are probably

2:01the emerald ruby sapphire and diamond

2:03mostly its due to their the fact that

2:06they come out of the earth or a natural

2:08product and and they possess a certain

2:12amount of beauty rubies sapphires and

2:15emeralds are highly valued for three

2:17reasons one they are durable they are

2:21among the hardest substances found on

2:23earth - they are rare found in such

2:27limited amounts that throughout history

2:29only the very wealthy have been able to

2:31afford them and three they are beautiful

2:35the most notable trait of any gemstone

2:37is its color and no color is as vibrant

2:41or as vivid as the red hue that emanates

2:44from a ruby like flames from a fire

2:46rubies are considered to be by some to

2:51be the most valuable gem of all and it's

2:57probably because it is so rare and it is

3:03the such a striking color for much of

3:07recorded history rubies were valued more

3:10highly than diamonds they look to the

3:14heavens there and they saw the Sun and

3:16they attributed a ruby to the Sun and in

3:19India ruby is called Raja Raja the king

3:21of gems rubies were also thought to help

3:24with a range of physical ailments Ruby

3:27for example is has been associated with

3:29blood for

3:31thousands of years redstone's color

3:34blood were very often connected to

3:36therapeutic beliefs and and cures for

3:40various things early civilizations

3:43believe the stones would restore youth

3:44and vitality have rubbed on the skin and

3:47if worn into battle as some brave

3:49warriors did they were thought to bestow

3:52invulnerability once rubies were

3:55introduced to Europe in the early Middle

3:57Ages royal families clamor to own as

3:59many of the red gems as they could but

4:02until the 18th century all red gems were

4:05considered rubies thousands of years ago

4:07they had no way to identify gemstone

4:09otherwise by its color so if it was red

4:11it was a ruby it's green it's an emerald

4:14if it's blue

4:15it's a sapphire we didn't they didn't

4:17know about all the different minerals

4:19red spinel and red garnet were often

4:21mistaken for rubies in fact it wasn't

4:24until 1783 the chemical differences

4:27between the gems were discovered the

4:29most famous case of mistaken identity is

4:31of the black Prince's ruby in the

4:35British crown jewels and one of the

4:38Crown's has a very large egg size red

4:44stone that was called the black prince

4:46ruby wars were fought for this Ruby

4:49except it wasn't a ruby when the gem was

4:53I examined Gemological II for the first

4:57time in its history by the gem testing

4:59laboratory in London they took this Ruby

5:04they discovered it is not Ruby it is red

5:07spinel nevertheless the 170 carrot gem

5:11still proudly rests on the cross pattée

5:14of England's Imperial state crown

5:17roofies weren't the only gemstones

5:20believed to have been possessed of

5:21magical powers blue sapphires once

5:24symbolized divine favor purity and

5:27wisdom making them the favorite gemstone

5:30of religious leaders and Kings you know

5:33they always attributed power to the

5:35gemstones you know they they just felt

5:36that these had an influence over

5:38people's lives to to bring success to

5:41them and to kind of shun negativity so

5:43that's why they collected a lot of them

5:45in ancient India people believed the

5:48earth rested upon a giant sapphire whose

5:50Ray's colored the sky a brilliant blue

5:53sapphire is that blue of the ocean or of

5:56this of the heavens you know these these

5:59gemstones have these properties that are

6:01reminiscent of other aspects of nature

6:04while sapphires brought wisdom emeralds

6:07were thought to give the most desired

6:09gift of all life five thousand years ago

6:12the Egyptians discovered emeralds in the

6:15eastern mountains bordering the Red Sea

6:17they valued emeralds not only for their

6:19beauty but also as a source of eternal

6:22youth green gems were often associated

6:25with rebirth regrowth faithfulness

6:30Egyptian pharaohs were entombed with

6:33emeralds believing the gems would keep

6:35them young in the afterlife

6:37any places you can find emeralds they

6:38they they would have definitely been

6:40highly highly prized when Spanish

6:43conquistadors reached the new world in

6:45search of gold they were met by Incans

6:47heavily adorned with emeralds and other

6:49gems emeralds were sacred to the Incans

6:52the natives told the story about Indian

6:58king who was rich beyond belief and who

7:02used to make offerings into a lake his

7:06body was naked covered by turpentine and

7:10that covered by layers of gold dust and

7:14he would go to the lake and throw

7:16emeralds into the lake the story was

7:19just a legend but when the conquistadors

7:22returned to Spain they brought back so

7:24many emeralds

7:25their value plummeted the emeralds that

7:28came into to Spain in the in the 16th

7:36century they came in such great

7:38quantities that the price dropped for

7:41them

7:42the Spanish traded their newfound

7:43emeralds in India where they were in

7:45great demand by the Mughal Empire in the

7:48great period of the Maharajah's in the

7:51mogul period the finest gems found

7:56anywhere on earth found their ways to

8:00the Mogul ports mogul rulers in India

8:03and they would be bedecked with jewels

8:05they'd have you know their crowns honor

8:07their their top hats their with all

8:10kinds of rubies and sapphires and

8:12diamonds most of today's priceless

8:14rubies emeralds and sapphires are in the

8:17hands of the world's royal families and

8:19famous museums but these days it's not

8:22just royalty who own all the gems in

8:24smaller sizes almost anyone can acquire

8:28one of these coveted stones but to

8:30appreciate their beauty

8:31it takes an understanding of how they

8:34form

8:40gemstones form deep down inside the

8:43earth where magmatic and metamorphic

8:45processes take billions of years to

8:47shape them into crystals

8:48although rubies and sapphires look

8:51different they're essentially the same

8:53as magma cools within the Earth's crust

8:56aluminum and oxygen atoms crystallize to

8:59form clear corundum which is the base

9:01mineral for both gems rubies and

9:04sapphires of the same gemstone

9:06they're both corundum the only

9:09difference is the colouring agent trace

9:12amounts of iron and titanium makes

9:14sapphires blue and chromium makes rubies

9:16red but there can be several other

9:19colors as well

9:20sapphire can also be purple yellow pink

9:24can be orangey pink can be a whole

9:28variety of different mixtures rubies and

9:32sapphires are not only pretty they are

9:34also extremely durable on the Mohs scale

9:37of hardness corundum is a 9 second only

9:40to diamonds at 10 but the scale is

9:43relative diamonds are much harder than

9:45rubies and sapphires or any other

9:47natural substance known but rubies and

9:51sapphires are much harder than emeralds

9:53which have a hardness of 7 to 8 the

9:56durability of a gemstone is a direct

9:58result of how it forms the more violent

10:01the formation the more likely a gemstone

10:03will have inclusions and fractures and

10:05in some cases make the stone more

10:08brittle all colored gems fall into one

10:10of three formation categories in

10:13category 1 those gems

10:15form under the gentlest of geologic

10:18conditions then this category 2 they

10:21form under more difficult geologic

10:25conditions sapphires and rubies as

10:27products of volcanic activity are

10:29category 2 gemstones it's not uncommon

10:33to see inclusions within their crystal

10:34structures emeralds however fall under

10:37category 3 category three gemstones form

10:42under the most violent geologic

10:45conditions

10:46and because of the violent conditions

10:49under which they form they are more

10:51prone to have cracks and other features

10:56that are readily visible to the naked

10:58eye in most cases and mold is a classic

11:01example of this Emeralds are formed

11:04during intense tectonic activity for

11:06example when the Earth's crust folds and

11:09buckles to form a mountain range when

11:11this happens trace amounts of chromium

11:13or vanadium bond with the clear barrel

11:16silicate creating beautiful green

11:18crystals but when a mountain range is

11:21created a multitude of minerals are

11:23forced to mix together some of these

11:25minerals get inside the Emerald as it

11:27forms creating tiny but numerous

11:30inclusions emeralds have so many

11:32inclusions normally that a poetic way to

11:35define the inclusions is by calling them

11:39an emerald garden and an emerald garden

11:42may be formed by included crystals blast

11:45fractures which are also common within

11:48emeralds and in the gem trade are called

11:51feathers inclusions visible to the naked

11:53eye are accepted in emeralds which have

11:56the most inclusions of all gemstones

11:57those inclusions can also be considered

12:00the emeralds birthmarks identifying

12:02where it was formed it is possible to

12:05tell the origin of the emerald by

12:07looking at the inclusions the emeralds

12:12from Africa have tremolite needles which

12:19are an unfilled crystal the emeralds

12:24from Brazil may have biotite so all

12:28those are identifiers of origin and

12:34identifiers that the MLS actually a

12:37natural one it's virtually impossible to

12:39find an emerald without some internal

12:41defect but with all gemstones the higher

12:44the clarity the higher the value if you

12:47find an emerald for example that's

12:49typically included that is fairly free

12:53of inclusions well that's a very rare

12:54thing and the stunt would be quite

12:56valuable in rare cases specific

12:58inclusions inside an emerald will create

13:00desirable patterns raising the value

13:03exponentially these are called Trump

13:06Ichi emeralds and are only found in one

13:09small mountainous region of Colombia at

13:12repeat emerald is an emerald that has

13:18inside some pattern that resembles the

13:23spokes of a wheel and the card will

13:28pattern is formed by inclusions of

13:31graphite that follow planes within the

13:35emeralds the best for pg emeralds are

13:38deep green and have well-defined rays

13:40that meet perfectly in the center most

13:42people heard of it most Jim collectors

13:45or gemologist have never really seen it

13:47something that you open up your book on

13:49geology and there's the only true peach

13:51you've ever seen so to actually

13:53experience holding one and seeing one is

13:54amazing rubies and sapphires can also

13:57contain inclusions that result in rare

13:59desirable patterns those needles will

14:03produce shining lines of light that have

14:09a star pattern and you will obtain star

14:13rubies and a star sapphire the finest

14:16colors and most expensive star gems tend

14:19to come from India Sri Lanka and Burma

14:21color differences will affect the star

14:24will be your sapphire the same way they

14:25will affect the faceted ruby or sapphire

14:31or a regular cabochon but the intensity

14:35of the star on top of that

14:38has to be added to the mix and very few

14:41people I know can afford a star ruby or

14:44a star sapphire that is truly

14:47transparent with an incredible color

14:49with an incredible star because they are

14:52so incredibly rare if you can have a

14:54stone that has a perfect star in the

14:56center it's priceless literally

14:59priceless the largest blue sapphire ever

15:01found is the star of india unearthed in

15:04sri lanka more than 300 years ago it

15:07weighs a massive 563 carats six milky

15:11Ray's point outwards from the center

15:13inside a deep blue dome today it's in

15:17the collection of the Museum of Natural

15:18History in New York City gemstones of

15:22such elegance are extremely rare but one

15:25thing is for sure wherever gems are

15:27found there are people who will spend

15:29their lives digging them out so the rest

15:31of us can enjoy them gemstones are found

15:39in geological pockets all over the world

15:41usually in very remote and rugged

15:43locations sapphires come from Sri Lanka

15:47India and Burma to name a few places but

15:50the largest sapphire field in the world

15:52is in central Queensland Australia the

15:56Aniki field covers an area of almost 350

15:59square miles since the 1870s dark blue

16:02sapphires have been found here but green

16:05yellow and even pink varieties are also

16:08common 50 million years ago massive

16:11volcanic activity rained down corundum

16:13crystals and other gem bearing rock

16:15across the area on the line just on the

16:18Tropic of Capricorn here it seems that

16:20the conditions away down the Earth's

16:22mantle when these when these volcanoes

16:24were exploding had the exactly the right

16:26ingredients for conditions in the rock

16:28to form the support over time more

16:31layers of volcanic Durden

16:33covered the wash the layer of ancient

16:35gravel where the sapphires are found

16:37Peter Brown lives in the township of

16:40ruby vale where he's been mining Aniki

16:42sapphires for over 30 years

16:45iseman the decomposed granite we've got

16:48a layer of gravel and rocks and then we

16:52go up to sandy layers and that here this

16:54riverbed where ancient River be able to

16:56lay down something like 15 million years

16:58ago you can imagine the sapphires or

17:00blasted air the volcanoes dumped on the

17:03surrounding landscape with a few

17:04kilometres around here and then with

17:06these massive rains washed into these

17:09valleys and then charged down these

17:12valleys are some more like big big mud

17:15flows with rocks and gravel sort of like

17:18you see coming out of a concrete mixer

17:20like more gravelly sort of wash and the

17:22heavy sapphires and iron stone get

17:25caught up and we're looking for those

17:27rich little areas the mining process is

17:30hard work but fortunes have been made

17:32out here I mean they have to clean over

17:34after a big dam for one day just to go

17:37spec in what we call walk around looking

17:39on the ground and just picked up a 40

17:41carat rough on you go out there and just

17:44wander around the bush and you can have

17:46a chance of picking up a stone or they

17:48say you know or come to the Sapphire

17:50future could stub your toe on a fortune

17:51in another part of the Aniki field Ray

17:54Richardson runs one of the few

17:55commercial mining operations we've been

17:58mining this area for about three years

18:01we done extensive drilling through this

18:04new area and found this new deposit of

18:06sapphires here sapphires are not

18:09typically found in a host rock like

18:10diamonds they are loose and occur

18:13randomly once found they need to be

18:16separated from other minerals in mining

18:18operations like Richardson's excavators

18:21dig down to the wash and remove the gem

18:23bearing dirt then it's transported to

18:26the wash plant for closer inspection

18:27goes through the procedure of washing it

18:30and goes through a trauma which sizes

18:32the material we only wash up to 15

18:37millimeters over that because in this

18:39area there's not a lot of big sapphire

18:41so the rest of its discharged absolutely

18:44trommel and then inside the trommel it's

18:47all scrubbed and Holly water pressure

18:49hits it him there and cleans it all up

18:50and from there goes through the pulse

18:52eiders and that's what catches the

18:55sapphires the sapphires are collected in

18:57buckets which Ray takes home for sorting

18:59with a magnetic separator and as the

19:02material travels at along the shuttle

19:04conveyor belt the join Stein sticks to

19:06it and gets dragged back underneath and

19:08the sapphires and any other material

19:10ports and stuff like that goes forwards

19:13course fault into the front bucket the

19:15rough sapphires are separated by hand

19:17from any other materials and then

19:19further sorted for size and color then

19:22it's off to Bangkok for cutting we cut

19:25them into eight or ten different shapes

19:27and sizes emerald cut I get lucky oval

19:32round princess square trilliant first

19:37any shape and in all the sizes from ten

19:40millimeters up to six or eight

19:41millimeters so all shapes all sizes once

19:45the stones are cut they're calibrated

19:46for size and sent to jewelers around the

19:49world

19:51Aniki may be the largest sapphire field

19:54in the world but it's no longer the most

19:56prolific the majority of high-quality

19:58blue and fancy colored sapphires are now

20:01being discovered in even more exotic

20:03locations the main supplier sapphires in

20:07the world at the moment are coming from

20:08places like Madagascar are very bright

20:11bright blue and very well sought after

20:14on the market in 1998 significant

20:17deposits of high-quality corundum were

20:20found in the town of Allah cacao the

20:22discovery sparked a mining frenzy

20:24swelling the population from 40 people

20:27to thousands of hopeful prospectors the

20:30African island is only 225,000 square

20:33miles but it's a gemologist dream come

20:36true Madagascar is like one of these

20:38great treasure troves that has really

20:40hit the scene in the last decade

20:42producing new gemstone after new

20:45gemstone located on the gem saturated

20:48mozambique orogenic belt

20:50emeralds garnets tourmaline x' crystal

20:53barrels alexandrite x' aquamarines and

20:56sapphires are all found here but the

20:59most recent discovery was in 2001 when

21:02rubies were found in the sprawling

21:04shanty town of more manga so you tend to

21:06have rubies found in in places that are

21:09associated with mountain chains so the

21:12kinds of places that rubies are mined

21:15are often for quite inhospitable that

21:19the environment is difficult here mining

21:25methods are rudimentary at best hand

21:27digging shafts and panning in the

21:29streams is as technical as it gets but

21:32it means everyone rich or poor can join

21:35in you see these people worked so hard

21:38digging in there with primitive tools

21:40and this is the way it is it's the same

21:42process now as it was thousands of years

21:45ago everywhere in between

21:47the same process of these groups of

21:51people in there digging in these little

21:53pits in these mining areas and hopefully

21:55finding something not so easy it's not

21:59mechanized in the same way as diamond

22:01mining or summer gold mining it's still

22:05a hit and miss you could be 10 feet off

22:09you could be 6 feet off and not even

22:12find the vein and it's very risky and so

22:17it takes a lot of work on the muddy

22:19banks of streams locals work in small

22:21teams to collect and pan through buckets

22:23of Ruby rich dirt nearby men are digging

22:27holes 8 feet down and 2 feet wide when

22:30they reach the wash level they dig the

22:33dirt out laterally with picks and

22:34shovels it's tough work for hopes of a

22:37big payoff rough stones are cleaned and

22:41brought into the town where the town's

22:42folk lend a hand sorting them into piles

22:44of color and size Malagasy rubies tend

22:47to be purplish red to very dark red and

22:50are generally quite small however some

22:53areas have produced rough transparent

22:55crystals yielding faceted pieces as

22:57large as 12 carats

22:59these specimens usually contain

23:01inclusions of zircon or root till find

23:04quality Ruby in large sizes is very hard

23:06to come by in such a gem rich area it's

23:09a wonder there are no large commercial

23:11operations but the terrain discourages

23:14any large machinery from being brought

23:16in Madagascar is really rough it's

23:20really rough and when people think rough

23:22this is like really rugged to go there

23:25to get to more manga from the capital of

23:28a ton on areevo it's a day of driving

23:31followed by a full day of bushwhacking

23:33through the dense jungle these stones by

23:36and large come from very remote and

23:38exotic areas places like the Andes

23:41Mountains in South America and Colombia

23:44Madagascar Mozambique Burma Sri Lanka

23:47they're very remote a lot of times in a

23:50jungle region foreign gem dealers who

23:53come to Madagascar do not venture into

23:55the remote mining towns instead they

23:59work from trading Hut's that are

24:00established in major townships like on

24:02De La Mina miners from more manga and

24:05other boom towns trek in and out daily

24:08trading gems for cash but Madagascar

24:12isn't the only country blessed with such

24:14a dizzying array of treasures tucked

24:16away in the hills of eastern Brazil lies

24:19the bustling town of Nova era mining for

24:22emeralds began here in the 1960s with no

24:25signs of slowing down

24:26I've been in the mines in Brazil that

24:29emerald mines in Brazil we're seeing the

24:32schist come out of the ground the dirt

24:34coming out of the ground and you see

24:36emerald crystals this is just like fresh

24:39out of the ground like that it's pretty

24:40amazing

24:41Antonio Raimundo dos Santos works a mine

24:43outside Nova era

24:45it's a typical setup workers are lowered

24:48down a narrow shaft on a makeshift

24:50wooden seat 300 feet below a low ceiling

24:53tunnel fitted with cart tracks awaits

24:55light bulbs are strung along one side to

24:58provide light for the worker

24:59whoo tamp sticks of dynamite into the

25:01walls it's muddy dark and dangerous we

25:05find the veins then we detonate them and

25:08after you finish detonating them you

25:10check to see if there is anything and if

25:13there is the guys gather them and bring

25:15them up here up on the surface other

25:18workers winch cauldrons of dirt up from

25:20below and empty them onto the ground

25:22rocks are divided up by size for sorting

25:25it's extremely physical work but when a

25:28330 carat rough emerald like this one is

25:31unearthed fatigue gives way to

25:32jubilation all the guys get really

25:36excited holy Mary it is such a joy to

25:39everybody all the workers mainly the

25:41owner he gets really excited when he can

25:44get it it is such a joy to use it is

25:46victory along the outskirts of Nova era

25:49the mine also employs people to pan for

25:52emeralds I find a lot today it is hard

26:03work to keep bending down and

26:05straightening up at night it is not fun

26:07the rough crystals are collected and

26:09transported to towns such as Nova era

26:11for inspection grading and cutting like

26:18diamonds rubies sapphires and emeralds

26:20are graded on the four C's color clarity

26:23cut and carat weight but unlike diamonds

26:27there's only one C that really counts

26:29color in the world of colored stones

26:32color is the most important thing so if

26:38you have a ruby or an emerald whatever

26:42that is exceptional color that's the

26:48most important thing and other factors

26:50become less important gemstones come in

26:53every color of the spectrum but rubies

26:56sapphires and emeralds have set the

26:58standard for the very best hues of red

27:00blue and green being able to see a

27:03slight difference in shade it for

27:06instance in a in a Burma Ruby can make

27:08the difference between a ruby that's

27:10$500 a carat or $5,000 a carat

27:13everything else is equal and subtle

27:16shades are worth a great deal of money

27:19because Mother Earth doesn't make that

27:21shade of color combined with that

27:23clarity combined with that size very

27:26often so it's a it's a it's an indicator

27:28of rarity and it really indicates the

27:31value of the gemstone colors everything

27:32in colored stones when devaluating color

27:35there are three things to consider hue

27:38tone and saturation with gems or with

27:42anything that we judge color with we're

27:44judging hue which is red and we're

27:47judging tone which is in the gem world

27:50is created from 1 to 10 so going from

27:53basically a light light almost colorless

27:56to a dark almost black and Gray's in

27:59between and then we have saturation and

28:01the saturation would be the amount of of

28:04actual color that exists to the average

28:07person one emerald might look the same

28:09as the next but in the eyes of a gem

28:12connoisseur the slightest degree of

28:14contrast in tone or saturation can alter

28:17the gems value dramatically it really is

28:20one of the one of the areas where

28:22technology has not replaced expertise

28:25personal expertise I think it would be

28:28akin to someone that's an art

28:30connoisseur someone that's at the top of

28:31their game in the art world you can't

28:34expect a machine to look at a painting

28:36and know what that person knows from

28:39their experience

28:39it's very similar with gemstones find

28:42Colombian emeralds for example are

28:44bright green with a very faint hint of

28:46blue earning top dollar per carat on the

28:48market while Zambian emeralds are deep

28:50bluish green with exceptionally high

28:53clarity and some Brazilian specimens are

28:55green that's slightly tinted with yellow

28:58Burmese rubies are so superior in color

29:00they're known as Burma red and are

29:03likened to the color of pigeons blood at

29:05market they can fetch twice as much as

29:08any other color of

29:09Ruby's just term pigeon blood red which

29:13is not really a technical term more of a

29:15more of a marketing term it just it's

29:17it's come to mean the best color of red

29:20that can be found in rubies some gems

29:22have more than one color which also

29:24affects grading anisotropic gemstones

29:28when the light splits in two rays and

29:33follows different directions the

29:36absorption and therefore the color of

29:40CERN in each one of those directions may

29:42be different and there are gemstones

29:46that may show two colors in a sapphire

29:50one angle might show a vivid blue but

29:53turn it over and it might have a purple

29:55or green in it some rubies show

29:57different Reds at different angles it is

30:00in the skill of the cutter again two

30:03before deciding how he or she is going

30:06to cut the stone to orient it so that it

30:11will show the best color face up light

30:13source can also affect the color you see

30:15in a stone color trueness and different

30:18types of light affects the desirability

30:20of a stone and therefore its value a

30:23beautiful blue in all lighting

30:25environments can cause a stone to sell

30:28for much more than one that looks

30:30fabulous in this light but then you go

30:32inside and it's it's more purpley blue

30:36trace elements inside gems create

30:38dazzling colors but too much of an

30:41element can cause a myriad of other

30:43problems unfortunately with emeralds and

30:45rubies very often the element or the

30:49trace impurity that gives it the color

30:51the fine color which is usually chromium

30:54is the same element that stresses the

30:57stone during formation atoms of chromium

31:00replace atoms of aluminum of the host

31:02crystal for both rubies and emeralds

31:05once the gem is unearthed the chromium

31:08absorbs all the wavelengths of light

31:10except those we perceive as either red

31:12or green but too much chromium will make

31:15the Ruby or emerald brittle and it can

31:18break

31:19it's a double-edged sword when you're

31:20dealing particularly it seems with

31:22chromium chromium again can also be a

31:24growth inhibitor for Ruby that's why

31:26it's very rare to see two three four

31:30karat Jimmy transparent vivid red rubies

31:34they're yielding prices now hundreds of

31:38thousands of dollars per carat right now

31:40because of that factor Ruby's very

31:43unique when you compare it to a lot of

31:45other gemstones the carat weight of

31:47colored gemstones is also important but

31:49often misunderstood the the actual

31:52weight of diamond for example is lighter

31:56than Ruby and Sapphire and heavier than

32:00an emerald so if you had three stones

32:03that all weighed one carat a one carat

32:07Ruby a one carat emerald and one carat

32:09diamond and they were all cut in the

32:11exact same shape and the same

32:13proportions the ruby or sapphire would

32:17look almost 25% smaller than the diamond

32:21and the emerald will look larger than

32:24the diamond no matter what the carat

32:26weight an expert cut can add tremendous

32:28value to any sized gem it's what makes

32:31the stone come to life color gems are

32:34usually mined in one country and are

32:36sent to another for cutting Thailand's

32:38tradition of cutting sapphires and

32:40rubies dates back centuries

32:41a lot of the sapphire and Ruby are cut

32:44in Thailand but there are cutting

32:47centers all over the world but the bulk

32:49of those will be cut in those areas in

32:51the case of emeralds Brazil is one

32:53country that has become known for both

32:55its rich mines and highly skilled

32:57cutters in the town of Nova era lapidary

33:01Sala Miranda cuts up to a dozen emeralds

33:04a day

33:07have a nightmare my favorite stone to

33:09work and cut is the Emerald because I

33:13was practically born in an emerald site

33:16here

33:18emerald cutting techniques are passed

33:19down from generation to generation my

33:26uncles and parents worked with the

33:28Emerald so this is a stone I've always

33:32been around since I was little and I

33:35learned how to cut emeralds are so

33:37difficult to cut

33:38Salo must consider many factors before

33:41starting work on a new piece of rough

33:51for you to start cutting a stone you

33:54will weigh it to see how you will use

33:55the stone and then you will see where

33:58you will saw if you have inclusions

34:01where you will draw the saw to see the

34:04position you will form you have to

34:07analyze the position of color the

34:10crystallization for you to give its

34:13shape of all the shapes into which an

34:16emerald is cut there is one that is by

34:18far the most popular in fact it's named

34:21after the gem the emerald cut it gets

34:24its name because the shape of the

34:26crystal the emerald crystal itself lends

34:29itself to that shape you can almost see

34:32a box inside a box inside a box and it

34:35creates can create a very lively stone

34:39the emerald is a stone that you cannot

34:42waste a good stone must be used to its

34:46maximum so that you can earn more in

34:48terms of carats in fact most of the time

34:52colored gems are cut to emphasize or

34:54highlight their natural crystal

34:56structure sapphires and rubies because

34:58of the way the rough occurs are usually

35:02cut in what we call a cushion cut which

35:04is sort of them think of a cushion as a

35:06round with squared corners or square

35:09with rounded corners after gemstones are

35:13cut they are often treated to enhance

35:15their natural character and beauty

35:17emeralds are typically treated with an

35:19oil or resin to fill fractures and hide

35:22surface imperfections emeralds are

35:24routinely oiled to enhance their beauty

35:27it's not improving their color it's

35:30improving the clarity and this is going

35:33back to the times of Cleopatra it's

35:35actually noted that emeralds were

35:37actually oiled to make them more

35:38beautiful so it is a very standard

35:41routine practice for emeralds by putting

35:44a colorless oil into those cracks it

35:49provides a medium through which the

35:50light now doesn't stop and get scattered

35:53it travels through so it eliminates that

35:55whitish

35:56so you can actually more accurately and

35:59precisely grade the most important

36:02factor affecting the value the color but

36:06oiling emeralds is just one age-old

36:08treatment sapphires and rubies benefit

36:11from heat treatment inside the earth

36:13extremely high temperatures are crucial

36:15to gemstone formation so heat treatment

36:18is like a continuation of that natural

36:20process in Queensland Australia where

36:24the majority of sapphires are dark inky

36:26blue Peter Brown uses heat to treat

36:28rough crystals in his lapidary workshop

36:30so these are sapphires that have decided

36:32need the heat treatment to lighten some

36:34of them and then to take the silk out of

36:36some of the other ones all the different

36:38colors we put them in a little sapphire

36:42crucible or corundum crucible and then

36:50they go into the oven which is a heat

36:53treating process that goes up to 1400 to

36:561600 degrees Celsius over an eight-hour

36:59period so they reach the maximum

37:00temperature for maybe an air and they

37:02cool down so it's an overnight process

37:04in the oven a special computer program

37:07controls internal temperatures inside

37:09the oven if the critical temperature is

37:11not maintained during the heating

37:13process the sapphires can crack the

37:16inclusions will heat up and expand at a

37:21different rate than the Ruby that holds

37:25them or the Sapphire that hold them and

37:27that may cause the inclusions to open up

37:33fractures within the Ruby

37:37although heat treatment of gemstones is

37:39common practice it can affect price and

37:42should always be disclosed at the point

37:44of sale fine quality untreated sapphires

37:47rubies and emeralds are very rare

37:49command much higher prices and should

37:52always come with a gem testing report as

37:54gemologist we have to be able to

37:56identify if a gem stone has been treated

37:59because so many gemstones are treated

38:02today

38:03these days it's exceptionally rare to

38:05find a beautiful faceted ruby sapphire

38:07or emerald that is untreated without

38:10modern-day heat treatment none of us

38:11would have a job in the jewelry industry

38:13there would not be enough rubies and

38:15sapphires to meet any of the demand that

38:18exists on earth today one reason that

38:20you can go in a jewelry store in any

38:22major city in the world and buy colored

38:25stone jewelry with rubies and sapphires

38:27is because modern-day heat-treatment

38:29rubies and unheated rubies and unheated

38:32sapphires are so rare without that only

38:34the wealthiest people on earth could

38:36afford them so if a buyer wants a stone

38:38of hide color and clarity with fewer

38:40zeros on the price tag a heat-treated

38:43ruby or sapphire is a fantastic and

38:45affordable choice

38:52the elements minerals and geological

38:55conditions required to form gemstones so

38:57rarely occur together within nature

38:59it's a miracle gemstones form at all

39:02current deposits will only get smaller

39:04as they are mined and once a deposit is

39:07completely gone

39:08new deposits may never be found my

39:11suggestion is if you see a nice don't

39:13get it because you never know where

39:16that's going to be in the future those

39:18pockets fry up emeralds especially are

39:21very rare and eventually the deposits

39:24will run out the highest quality

39:26sapphire deposit ever found has already

39:28disappeared which is greatly affected

39:31price most people have heard maybe of

39:34the name of Kashmir sapphires well they

39:36were discovered around 1900 in Kashmir

39:40India and within a very short period of

39:42time within two three years that mine

39:44was depleted but what it produced was

39:47some of the most spectacular

39:49world-famous sapphires that have never

39:52been seen again no other area in that

39:54region no other gemstone know whether

39:56sapphire deposit in the world has

39:58produced a sapphire of love that color

40:00or clarity or quality of all the colors

40:03of corundum available ruby red is by far

40:06the rarest fine quality rubies are

40:09steadily becoming scarce er although

40:11recent discoveries like the ones in

40:13Madagascar will help bolster the supply

40:15for a while the overall world supply

40:18will continue to diminish but recent

40:21scientific breakthroughs have offered an

40:23alternative in 1902 French chemist or

40:27ghost fern Oy perfected the flame fusion

40:30process a quick and easy way of creating

40:32synthetic gem balls or crystals flame

40:35fusion is a method that essentially

40:39smelting the chemical components that

40:43make corundum you have an oxygen

40:48hydrogen torch that is heating a chamber

40:51through which powder in the case of

40:56columbium aluminum oxide drops with the

40:59dopant of chromium or titanium and iron

41:03to give the color and that melt falls us

41:06droplet on a cylinder and it envelopes

41:09the cylinder and the cylinder is lowered

41:12as the bull grows within hours a

41:16synthetic Ruby or sapphire can be grown

41:18using flame fusion but there are

41:20disadvantages

41:21those are bulls are under stress because

41:27they crystallize pretty fast so

41:31typically they break in half lengthwise

41:35so the size the maximum size of the gem

41:38that you're going to get is given by

41:41half the size of the bull there are

41:44several other ways to create higher

41:45quality corundum one is flux growth

41:48which imitates metamorphic conditions

41:50inside the earth where gemstones formed

41:53naturally flux grown rubies and

41:55sapphires are very high quality and

41:58typically runs several hundred dollars

42:00per carat you can get fabulous color in

42:02a flawless gemstone and that color with

42:06that degree of flawlessness virtually

42:08never happens in mother nature if it

42:10does those are the gems that cost

42:12hundreds of thousands to millions of

42:15dollars but in a synthetic like a

42:17synthetic emerald you can have the best

42:19color imaginable in a totally flawless

42:21crystal which just doesn't happen in

42:23mother nature another method for

42:25creating almost flawless gems uses water

42:28other methods to make synthetic gems are

42:33hydrothermal methods where instead of

42:37using a melt the nutrients are dissolved

42:40in water solutions and

42:44the crystal growth from a seed so in

42:49some cases the seed can be still

42:53identified in the grown crystal and it

42:59is in the skill of the cutter not to use

43:01the portion of the crystal that has the

43:03seeds so that that is hidden

43:06both the flux and hydrothermal methods

43:09have produced beautiful gems but just

43:11like natural gems quality comes at a

43:14price

43:14the flux techniques and the hydrothermal

43:17techniques produce the more expensive

43:21type of synthetics because they more

43:24resemble the way in which nature works

43:27and take far more time whereas by flame

43:31fusions a bull can be grown in hours it

43:34may take you know months to grow

43:38hydrothermal gemstone some synthetic

43:43gems so perfectly mimic the real deal it

43:46can take a lot of effort to identify the

43:47differences I bought one of the finest 3

43:51karat Burma rubies in the world it was

43:54superb and I had a client that wanted to

43:57buy it but it was under the condition

43:59that it had a lab certificate with it

44:01saying that it was Burmese Ruby and it

44:03was natural I sent it off to the lab and

44:07he said he needed to have it for quite a

44:09while I asked him what the problem was

44:11and he said I'm having a tough time

44:13determining whether it's genuine or not

44:15now after you spend a lot of money and

44:18you hear that you really start to worry

44:19and he said we're gonna shoot an x-ray

44:22fluorescence spectrometer on that and

44:24see if we can determine if their trace

44:27minerals there that are found in Burma

44:29and sure enough after several days and

44:34me was sleepless nights I found out that

44:36it was in fact a natural gemstone but it

44:39took several people working at all the

44:41major labs to determine whether it was

44:45man-made or natural as major gem testing

44:48labs have developed new testing methods

44:50the line between natural and synthetic

44:52is less murky

44:54the greatest challenge for the synthetic

44:56industry has not been the manufacturing

44:58process it has been in gaining

45:00acceptance by gem connoisseurs who want

45:03to know their gemstone was formed

45:04naturally over billions of years with no

45:07help from man a gemstone synthetic is a

45:10gem that's been made in a laboratory

45:11that wasn't mined it wasn't made by

45:13Mother Nature deep within the earth 100

45:16million years ago it was made by a

45:18laboratory perhaps in China two weeks

45:22ago

45:22that's the difference but chemically

45:24optically and physically it is a ruby

45:26it's not a fake it is a ruby but what's

45:30a ruby like that worth compared to that

45:32million dollar Ruby that was found the

45:34best ruby found in the last five years

45:36at a mocha Burma that's the difference

45:38rubies sapphires and emeralds are

45:40considered precious because they are

45:42beautiful durable and most of all rare

45:45as time goes on scientists will likely

45:48continue to find more inexpensive and

45:50faster ways to recreate in the lab what

45:53mother nature took eons to produce but

45:56whether the product is of science or

45:58nature like the kings and Pharaohs of

46:01ancient times mankind will always value

46:04the alluring beauty and timeless

46:06elegance of a precious gem

▶

Top 10 | Most Beautiful and Expensive Rubies in the World

Andrew Pidor · 10:10 · 204 845 views

Наталья: «Вот такое ещё тоже точно найдем»

Transcript (216 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:05there are a few things on this planet

0:06that are so alluring and entrancing that

0:09words always fall short to describe

0:11their Timeless Beauty worth and

0:14significance Ruby stone is one such

0:17mesmerizing phenomenon known for its

0:20Divine Beauty robust impact and

0:23spectacular Brilliance Ruby is an

0:25indispensable part of the big four Club

0:28of gemstones as well as one of the most

0:31expensive gemstones in the world in

0:33terms of price and value only diamonds

0:36can go head-to-head with

0:38rubies the finest and the most valuable

0:41rubies in the world have Lush and deep

0:44red color minimal inclusions and color

0:47zoning and Hefty carrot

0:50weight every year at different jewelry

0:53and gemstone auctions you will find some

0:55of the rarest gemstones including rubies

0:58being sold at a mammoth price to Ardent

1:01gemstone

1:06collectors the second entry on this list

1:08by the famous Cartier but what an entry

1:10it is while smaller than the previous

1:13entry this 10.10 karat Burmese Ruby

1:17possesses the much desired Pigeon Blood

1:19coloration which is why its sale price

1:22was over $1 million more than the

1:24previous entry the 3.5 cm long platinum

1:29and Diamond set

1:30made by the master Craftsman at Cartier

1:32only helps to accentuate this stunning

1:35example of a ruby which the letter

1:37accompanying the SF Swiss gemological

1:40Institute

1:41confirms the Ruby possesses

1:43extraordinary characteristics and merits

1:46special mention and appreciation the

1:48Ruby exhibits a saturated and Vivid red

1:51color combined with a fine Purity and a

1:54very attractive cutting

1:58Style one Ruby that has most definitely

2:01has not been overlooked is the graph

2:03Ruby but it is hard to ignore a gemstone

2:07that broke the world record price on two

2:10separate occasions it originally came up

2:13for auction in February 2006 at the

2:15chrisy sale in Geneva when it was set in

2:18a Bulgari mount it was bought by famed

2:20Jeweler Lawrence graph for 3.6 million

2:25who then renamed the stone after himself

2:28the stone was reset in a more

2:30contemporary Mount before being sold

2:34privately the Ruby was then offered at

2:36auction in November 2014 and was bought

2:39by none other than Lawrence graph who

2:41paid another world record price of $8.6

2:45million and as far as is known it is

2:47still part of the graph

2:53collection now we are getting to the

2:55really expensive rubies as this 10.05

2:58carat untreated Burmese Ruby sold for

3:01over $10 million in

3:042016 the platinum and gold diamond

3:06encrusted Mount was made by one of the

3:09world's leading sources of fine quality

3:12Burmese rubies

3:14fade and this example has to be one of

3:17the best they have ever sold the

3:19previous owners certainly wanted to add

3:21as much Providence as they could to this

3:23stunning Stone as it was accompanied by

3:26reports from three of the world's

3:28leading gem labs Gia gualan and

3:32SF who accompanied their report with an

3:35appendix that contained the following

3:37statement a natural Ruby from Burma of

3:40this size and quality is very rare and

3:43exceptional and can be considered a true

3:45Treasure of

3:49nature just missing out on the top seven

3:52is the very impressive

3:5413.26 karat untreated Burmese Ruby the

3:58ring is a unique design whose taste may

4:01not be for everyone but the centerpiece

4:03is certainly spectacular and the

4:05accompanying 10 plus carats of top

4:07quality diamonds aren't bad either as

4:10with all of the rubies on this list this

4:12stunning example is accompanied by

4:15reports in this case they are from

4:17gualan who had this to

4:20say it displays a homogeneous and richly

4:24saturated color which typifies the

4:26finest of these gems in addition this

4:29remarkable gemstone has been spared of

4:31thermal treatment making this Ruby a

4:34truly unique

4:38Rarity the sixth entry on the list is a

4:40spectacular Ruby and diamond ring the

4:43stunning antique cushion cut Pigeon

4:45Blood colored Ruby weighs in at an

4:48impressive

4:4924.70 carats and has the desired

4:52attributes of being a Burmese Ruby that

4:55has not been subjected to any treatments

4:57or

4:58enhancements while not a record breaker

5:00like some of the other rubies on this

5:02list this rare example of an extremely

5:04fine Ruby is deserving of a place

5:07amongst the most expensive rubies ever

5:09sold at

5:14auction the only unnamed Ruby on the

5:16list and there is not much history

5:18surrounding the stone but as the title

5:20suggests the ruby in this ring is truly

5:24exceptional it has all the attributes

5:26that is required of the finest rubies

5:29coming from The mogok Valley in Burma

5:31this

5:3215.03 karat untreated Ruby possesses the

5:35most desirable Pigeon Blood color the

5:38report from the American gemological

5:40laboratory says that the clarity is

5:42remarkable for a ruby of this size this

5:45Ruby flew under the radar due to it not

5:47breaking any records but it is very

5:50deserving of its position as the fourth

5:52most expensive ruby ever sold at

5:57auction the Jubilee Ruby is a a stunning

6:0115.99 karat oval cut untreated Burmese

6:05Ruby when the Ruby was offered for sale

6:07at Christy's New York in

6:092016 it was the finest example to be

6:12offered at auction in the United States

6:14for over 25 years and the sale price

6:18broke the record for the amount paid for

6:20a colored gemstone in the

6:23USA the appendix on the ssf report

6:26perfectly describes the

6:28Ruby its attractive Vivid red color is

6:31due to a combination of well-balanced

6:33Trace elements in this gemstone

6:36characteristic for the finest rubies

6:38from mogok in addition to these

6:40qualities this Ruby has been spared

6:43exposure to heat treatment and its

6:45Clarity and color are thus all natural a

6:48natural Ruby from Burma of this size and

6:50quality is very rare and thus can be

6:53considered an exceptional

6:58treasure

7:00when the Crimson flame Ruby sold in

7:02December 2015 it became the most

7:05expensive ruby per carrot in history

7:08beating the record set earlier in

7:112015 it could be argued that the Crimson

7:14flame is the finest Ruby to ever be sold

7:18as the

7:1915.04 carrot cushion cut untreated

7:22Pigeon Blood Burmese Ruby is just about

7:25as close to Perfection you can get as of

7:28the start of 2018 its record setting

7:31price per carrat has yet to be beaten as

7:34with the Jubilee Ruby above SF knew just

7:38how to describe

7:39it its Vivid and saturated red color

7:43poetically referred to as Pigeon Blood

7:45Red is due to a combination of

7:47well-balanced Trace elements in this

7:49Stone characteristic for the finest

7:52rubies from mogok a natural Ruby from

7:55Burma of this size and quality is very

7:58rare and thus can be considered an

8:01exceptional

8:06treasure the sunrise Ruby was the

8:08world's most expensive ruby for over 8

8:11years and for just over 6 months it also

8:14held the title of highest price per

8:17carat before being beaten by the Crimson

8:20flame at over 10 Kats bigger than its

8:23main rival the sunrise is a truly

8:26exceptional Ruby being an untreated p

8:29and blood Burmese Ruby only adds to its

8:33desirability when it sold in 2015 it

8:36smashed the previous record set by the

8:38graph Ruby in 2014 by over4 million $21

8:44million and it will interesting to see

8:47what will Dethrone it as the world's

8:49most expensive

8:55ruby the australa Deora was one of the

8:57most anticipated Ruby sales in history

9:00as this unique example differs from

9:02every other Ruby on this list for two

9:05reasons the first is the size of the

9:07stone which weighs nearly 30 karats more

9:09than the sunrise Ruby which is an

9:12exceptionally large Ruby and was the

9:14first time a stone of this size and

9:16quality had ever been offered for

9:18auction the second reason is that the

9:21estala deura was mined on mosam Beek and

9:24is the first Ruby to make the top 10

9:26that was mined outside of Burma Mayanmar

9:30and it really put rubies from this part

9:32of the world on the map the estala deura

9:35was accompanied by five reports from

9:37highly respected gem Labs that all

9:39commented on how special this example is

9:42but only GRS and bellaphon used Pigeon

9:46Blood when talking about the color of

9:48the stone which is

9:58interesting

10:09yeah

YTUVI-002 · Корунд · Сапфир и Падпараджа

Синий = сапфир, все остальные цвета = фэнси. Падпараджа — коллекционный пик, «рассвет/закат».

Полный idea-файл (концепт, hook, b-roll, references)

Корунд · Сапфир и Падпараджа

Concept

Вторая часть серии «корунды». Если 001 — рубин, то тут — всё остальное: синий сапфир как эталон, фэнси-сапфиры всех цветов, звёздчатые сапфиры, и кульминация — падпараджа как самый коллекционный корунд. Объясняем, почему «сапфир» = синий по умолчанию, но на рынке сапфир бывает любого цвета; и почему один особый оттенок получил собственное имя.

Structure (канальная формула)

1. Hook — «Слово "сапфир" значит синий — ровно до тех пор, пока вы не увидели розово-оранжевый.»

2. Geology — как фэнси-цвета появляются в корунде (Fe, Ti, V, Cr в малых концентрациях). Те же 3 эпохи месторождений, что в 001.

3. Свойства — плеохроизм (сапфиры сильно меняют цвет при повороте), шелк, звёздчатые и кошачий глаз через кабошон.

4. Как определяют месторождение — Кашмир (закрыт, легендарный velvety blue), Burma Mogok, Цейлон (Шри-Ланка), Мадагаскар, Монтана.

5. Падпараджа — розово-оранжевый / оранжево-розовый сапфир. Термины «рассвет» и «закат». Кто вообще решает, что камень — падпараджа (конфликт между GRS, SSEF, Gübelin). Исторически связан с Шри-Ланкой, современный — Мадагаскар.

6. Звёздчатые сапфиры — отдельный мини-блок. Рутил, 6-лучевые, редкие 12-лучевые. Тизер на отдельный будущий выпуск.

7. Облагораживание — нагрев стандарт, beryllium diffusion (ключевая ловушка, особенно в оранжевых/жёлтых).

8. Рынок / аукционы — Kashmir premium (×10 к цене), Padparadscha rare lot cases.

9. Как читать сертификат — Flower Royal Blue (GRS), «Padparadscha» как обозначение — читаем внимательно, смотрим, какая лаборатория выписала.

Key Points

Сапфир по умолчанию = синий. Все остальные цвета = fancy sapphire (должна быть цветовая приставка).
Падпараджа — единственный fancy-сапфир, у которого есть собственное имя. Это маркетинговая ценность.
Цейлонская падпараджа исторически дороже мадагаскарской. Разница — в обязательном «lotus flower / sunset» цвете.
Beryllium diffusion делает дешёвый жёлтый сапфир похожим на оранжевый/padparadscha — определяется только лабораторией.
Кашмирский сапфир = абсолютный топ. Месторождение закрыто, на рынке — только старые камни из частных коллекций.

Reference quotes from kickoff

> [00:04 Наталья] «Сапфир, рубин — это часть корунда. В целом корунд — это такая штука. Если он красный, то он рубин. Но он может быть не обязательно синим, он может быть любого другого цвета, и это уже цветной сапфир.»

> [00:24 Наталья] «Если просто звучит слово сапфир — это синий; если любой другой цвет — это значит, что это фэнси-сапфир.»

> [20:27 Наталья] «В коронтах мы ещё сапфиры не зашли — а там есть сапфир под парад же. Это вообще писец. Хоть чуть-чуть человек шарит в камнях, он знает, что это убийца: дорогой, редкий и крутой коллекционный камень. Розово-оранжевый, оранжево-розовый, не пойми, какого цвета.»

> [21:56 Наталья] «Маркетинговые названия им иногда дают “рассвет” и “закат”. Если он чуть более розоватый — рассвет, а закат будет чуть более оранжевый.»

Hook Ideas

«Слово "сапфир" значит синий — ровно до тех пор, пока вы не увидели розово-оранжевый.»
«Камень, название которого решает лаборатория. И от него зависит цена × 3.»
«Цейлон vs Мадагаскар: битва за имя "Padparadscha".»

B-Roll / Visuals

Макро: синий Кашмир, Ceylon blue, pink, yellow, green, padparadscha — spectrum
Анимация кристаллической решётки с замещением разных атомов
Карта: Kashmir, Mogok, Шри-Ланка, Мадагаскар, Монтана
Side-by-side: сертификат GRS vs SSEF на один и тот же камень (если найдётся)
Кабошон — 6-лучевая звезда на повороте

Открытые вопросы / research

Найти реальный кейс одного камня с двумя отчётами разных лабораторий (GRS vs SSEF vs Gübelin)
Уточнить текущую трактовку «Padparadscha» у GRS
Сделать side-by-side демо «рассвет» и «закат» на тех камнях, которые привезёт Наталья

References

GRS padparadscha reference card
SSEF Academy (Lucerne)
Gübelin Gem Lab notes
Елена Веселая — контекст про аукционы сапфиров

💬 Цитаты из встречи

0:04 · Наталья«сапфир рубин – это часть корунда, в зависимости от того, что в него попало. Какую -то общую инфу про кристаллическую решетку, про то, что они могут выглядеть разного цвета – окей. В целом корунд – это такая штука. Если он красный, то он рубин. Но он может быть не обязательно синим, он может быть любого другого цвета, и это уже цветной сапфир.»

1:13 · Наталья«Те, которые, ну, в общем, вот эти вот три типа как раз камней, которые там из разряда 5 миллионов лет, 100 миллионов лет, 500 миллионов лет, вот что -то такое. Вот они как раз в том числе так разделяются. Можно будет рассказать про Кашмирское месторождение сапфиров, то, что оно давно закрыто. И Берманское тоже самое, давно закрыто, и поэтому они ценятся гораздо сильнее.»

1:37 · Наталья«Можно будет найти наверняка информацию про какие -то королевские украшения, стопудов картьете, какие -нибудь тиары гигантские, там, сапфиры у каких -то королей, царей предыдущих лет, почему они так, в том числе, почему они ценятся. Не только потому, что они красивые, не только потому, что они редкие, а еще и потому, что у них историческая ценность есть очень, очень глубокая.»

8:53 · Наталья«если они несколько раз вот так вот выложились, то у тебя получается звёздочка. И это отдельная история звёздчатых сапфиров -рубинов. Туда же можно положить, и туда же можно рассказать ещё и про мультисапфиры, если что. Но я к тому, что вот если мы смотрим на большой выпуск Аляминаев... Пиздец, сколько можно рассказать только про корунды. Вот.»

21:58 · Наталья«всё правильно сказал. И вот эти вот маркетинговые названия, в том числе им иногда дают рассвет и закат. Если он чуть более розоватый, он рассвет, а закат будет чуть более оранжевый. Но вообще это иногда кто -то говорит идеальный цвет вот этого там рассветного или закатного. Или или perception, или ?»

Референс-видео по теме

▶

Three Precious Gems: Rubies, Emeralds, Sapphires

JTV · 46:47 · 1 329 228 views

Наталья: «А вот тут JTV — это прямо Ювелирочка в США (большой телемагазин)»

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0:04rubies sapphires and emeralds they are

0:08the Holy Trinity of the most precious

0:09colored gemstones on earth the radiant

0:12hues of red green and blue are the

0:15finest Mother Nature has to offer for

0:17thousands of years pharaohs and

0:19Emperor's kings and queens have all

0:21coveted these beautiful lustrous gems

0:24the royalty the Maharajah's in India the

0:27royal families in England these people

0:29have always collected the gemstones

0:31because it was not just a sign of wealth

0:33they considered it a sign of power these

0:36three gemstones are true miracles of

0:38nature and are rarer even than diamonds

0:40they're timeless beauty inspires love

0:43passion and loyalty and with proper care

0:46their durability ensures that they can

0:49be handed down from generation to

0:51generation join us as we travel to

0:53remote mining towns visit the world's

0:56finest gem cutters and discover the

0:58secret world of these three precious

1:01gems

1:31throughout the ages rubies sapphires and

1:35emeralds have been coveted by mankind

1:37along with diamonds they are the

1:40ultimate symbols of wealth power and

1:42prestige during the Middle Ages they

1:45were known as the cardinal gems for

1:47their extensive use in the clergies most

1:49precious ceremonial objects crucifixes

1:52rings and amulets all bore these gems as

1:55symbols of virtue and piety over the

1:58centuries the big stones are probably

2:01the emerald ruby sapphire and diamond

2:03mostly its due to their the fact that

2:06they come out of the earth or a natural

2:08product and and they possess a certain

2:12amount of beauty rubies sapphires and

2:15emeralds are highly valued for three

2:17reasons one they are durable they are

2:21among the hardest substances found on

2:23earth - they are rare found in such

2:27limited amounts that throughout history

2:29only the very wealthy have been able to

2:31afford them and three they are beautiful

2:35the most notable trait of any gemstone

2:37is its color and no color is as vibrant

2:41or as vivid as the red hue that emanates

2:44from a ruby like flames from a fire

2:46rubies are considered to be by some to

2:51be the most valuable gem of all and it's

2:57probably because it is so rare and it is

3:03the such a striking color for much of

3:07recorded history rubies were valued more

3:10highly than diamonds they look to the

3:14heavens there and they saw the Sun and

3:16they attributed a ruby to the Sun and in

3:19India ruby is called Raja Raja the king

3:21of gems rubies were also thought to help

3:24with a range of physical ailments Ruby

3:27for example is has been associated with

3:29blood for

3:31thousands of years redstone's color

3:34blood were very often connected to

3:36therapeutic beliefs and and cures for

3:40various things early civilizations

3:43believe the stones would restore youth

3:44and vitality have rubbed on the skin and

3:47if worn into battle as some brave

3:49warriors did they were thought to bestow

3:52invulnerability once rubies were

3:55introduced to Europe in the early Middle

3:57Ages royal families clamor to own as

3:59many of the red gems as they could but

4:02until the 18th century all red gems were

4:05considered rubies thousands of years ago

4:07they had no way to identify gemstone

4:09otherwise by its color so if it was red

4:11it was a ruby it's green it's an emerald

4:14if it's blue

4:15it's a sapphire we didn't they didn't

4:17know about all the different minerals

4:19red spinel and red garnet were often

4:21mistaken for rubies in fact it wasn't

4:24until 1783 the chemical differences

4:27between the gems were discovered the

4:29most famous case of mistaken identity is

4:31of the black Prince's ruby in the

4:35British crown jewels and one of the

4:38Crown's has a very large egg size red

4:44stone that was called the black prince

4:46ruby wars were fought for this Ruby

4:49except it wasn't a ruby when the gem was

4:53I examined Gemological II for the first

4:57time in its history by the gem testing

4:59laboratory in London they took this Ruby

5:04they discovered it is not Ruby it is red

5:07spinel nevertheless the 170 carrot gem

5:11still proudly rests on the cross pattée

5:14of England's Imperial state crown

5:17roofies weren't the only gemstones

5:20believed to have been possessed of

5:21magical powers blue sapphires once

5:24symbolized divine favor purity and

5:27wisdom making them the favorite gemstone

5:30of religious leaders and Kings you know

5:33they always attributed power to the

5:35gemstones you know they they just felt

5:36that these had an influence over

5:38people's lives to to bring success to

5:41them and to kind of shun negativity so

5:43that's why they collected a lot of them

5:45in ancient India people believed the

5:48earth rested upon a giant sapphire whose

5:50Ray's colored the sky a brilliant blue

5:53sapphire is that blue of the ocean or of

5:56this of the heavens you know these these

5:59gemstones have these properties that are

6:01reminiscent of other aspects of nature

6:04while sapphires brought wisdom emeralds

6:07were thought to give the most desired

6:09gift of all life five thousand years ago

6:12the Egyptians discovered emeralds in the

6:15eastern mountains bordering the Red Sea

6:17they valued emeralds not only for their

6:19beauty but also as a source of eternal

6:22youth green gems were often associated

6:25with rebirth regrowth faithfulness

6:30Egyptian pharaohs were entombed with

6:33emeralds believing the gems would keep

6:35them young in the afterlife

6:37any places you can find emeralds they

6:38they they would have definitely been

6:40highly highly prized when Spanish

6:43conquistadors reached the new world in

6:45search of gold they were met by Incans

6:47heavily adorned with emeralds and other

6:49gems emeralds were sacred to the Incans

6:52the natives told the story about Indian

6:58king who was rich beyond belief and who

7:02used to make offerings into a lake his

7:06body was naked covered by turpentine and

7:10that covered by layers of gold dust and

7:14he would go to the lake and throw

7:16emeralds into the lake the story was

7:19just a legend but when the conquistadors

7:22returned to Spain they brought back so

7:24many emeralds

7:25their value plummeted the emeralds that

7:28came into to Spain in the in the 16th

7:36century they came in such great

7:38quantities that the price dropped for

7:41them

7:42the Spanish traded their newfound

7:43emeralds in India where they were in

7:45great demand by the Mughal Empire in the

7:48great period of the Maharajah's in the

7:51mogul period the finest gems found

7:56anywhere on earth found their ways to

8:00the Mogul ports mogul rulers in India

8:03and they would be bedecked with jewels

8:05they'd have you know their crowns honor

8:07their their top hats their with all

8:10kinds of rubies and sapphires and

8:12diamonds most of today's priceless

8:14rubies emeralds and sapphires are in the

8:17hands of the world's royal families and

8:19famous museums but these days it's not

8:22just royalty who own all the gems in

8:24smaller sizes almost anyone can acquire

8:28one of these coveted stones but to

8:30appreciate their beauty

8:31it takes an understanding of how they

8:34form

8:40gemstones form deep down inside the

8:43earth where magmatic and metamorphic

8:45processes take billions of years to

8:47shape them into crystals

8:48although rubies and sapphires look

8:51different they're essentially the same

8:53as magma cools within the Earth's crust

8:56aluminum and oxygen atoms crystallize to

8:59form clear corundum which is the base

9:01mineral for both gems rubies and

9:04sapphires of the same gemstone

9:06they're both corundum the only

9:09difference is the colouring agent trace

9:12amounts of iron and titanium makes

9:14sapphires blue and chromium makes rubies

9:16red but there can be several other

9:19colors as well

9:20sapphire can also be purple yellow pink

9:24can be orangey pink can be a whole

9:28variety of different mixtures rubies and

9:32sapphires are not only pretty they are

9:34also extremely durable on the Mohs scale

9:37of hardness corundum is a 9 second only

9:40to diamonds at 10 but the scale is

9:43relative diamonds are much harder than

9:45rubies and sapphires or any other

9:47natural substance known but rubies and

9:51sapphires are much harder than emeralds

9:53which have a hardness of 7 to 8 the

9:56durability of a gemstone is a direct

9:58result of how it forms the more violent

10:01the formation the more likely a gemstone

10:03will have inclusions and fractures and

10:05in some cases make the stone more

10:08brittle all colored gems fall into one

10:10of three formation categories in

10:13category 1 those gems

10:15form under the gentlest of geologic

10:18conditions then this category 2 they

10:21form under more difficult geologic

10:25conditions sapphires and rubies as

10:27products of volcanic activity are

10:29category 2 gemstones it's not uncommon

10:33to see inclusions within their crystal

10:34structures emeralds however fall under

10:37category 3 category three gemstones form

10:42under the most violent geologic

10:45conditions

10:46and because of the violent conditions

10:49under which they form they are more

10:51prone to have cracks and other features

10:56that are readily visible to the naked

10:58eye in most cases and mold is a classic

11:01example of this Emeralds are formed

11:04during intense tectonic activity for

11:06example when the Earth's crust folds and

11:09buckles to form a mountain range when

11:11this happens trace amounts of chromium

11:13or vanadium bond with the clear barrel

11:16silicate creating beautiful green

11:18crystals but when a mountain range is

11:21created a multitude of minerals are

11:23forced to mix together some of these

11:25minerals get inside the Emerald as it

11:27forms creating tiny but numerous

11:30inclusions emeralds have so many

11:32inclusions normally that a poetic way to

11:35define the inclusions is by calling them

11:39an emerald garden and an emerald garden

11:42may be formed by included crystals blast

11:45fractures which are also common within

11:48emeralds and in the gem trade are called

11:51feathers inclusions visible to the naked

11:53eye are accepted in emeralds which have

11:56the most inclusions of all gemstones

11:57those inclusions can also be considered

12:00the emeralds birthmarks identifying

12:02where it was formed it is possible to

12:05tell the origin of the emerald by

12:07looking at the inclusions the emeralds

12:12from Africa have tremolite needles which

12:19are an unfilled crystal the emeralds

12:24from Brazil may have biotite so all

12:28those are identifiers of origin and

12:34identifiers that the MLS actually a

12:37natural one it's virtually impossible to

12:39find an emerald without some internal

12:41defect but with all gemstones the higher

12:44the clarity the higher the value if you

12:47find an emerald for example that's

12:49typically included that is fairly free

12:53of inclusions well that's a very rare

12:54thing and the stunt would be quite

12:56valuable in rare cases specific

12:58inclusions inside an emerald will create

13:00desirable patterns raising the value

13:03exponentially these are called Trump

13:06Ichi emeralds and are only found in one

13:09small mountainous region of Colombia at

13:12repeat emerald is an emerald that has

13:18inside some pattern that resembles the

13:23spokes of a wheel and the card will

13:28pattern is formed by inclusions of

13:31graphite that follow planes within the

13:35emeralds the best for pg emeralds are

13:38deep green and have well-defined rays

13:40that meet perfectly in the center most

13:42people heard of it most Jim collectors

13:45or gemologist have never really seen it

13:47something that you open up your book on

13:49geology and there's the only true peach

13:51you've ever seen so to actually

13:53experience holding one and seeing one is

13:54amazing rubies and sapphires can also

13:57contain inclusions that result in rare

13:59desirable patterns those needles will

14:03produce shining lines of light that have

14:09a star pattern and you will obtain star

14:13rubies and a star sapphire the finest

14:16colors and most expensive star gems tend

14:19to come from India Sri Lanka and Burma

14:21color differences will affect the star

14:24will be your sapphire the same way they

14:25will affect the faceted ruby or sapphire

14:31or a regular cabochon but the intensity

14:35of the star on top of that

14:38has to be added to the mix and very few

14:41people I know can afford a star ruby or

14:44a star sapphire that is truly

14:47transparent with an incredible color

14:49with an incredible star because they are

14:52so incredibly rare if you can have a

14:54stone that has a perfect star in the

14:56center it's priceless literally

14:59priceless the largest blue sapphire ever

15:01found is the star of india unearthed in

15:04sri lanka more than 300 years ago it

15:07weighs a massive 563 carats six milky

15:11Ray's point outwards from the center

15:13inside a deep blue dome today it's in

15:17the collection of the Museum of Natural

15:18History in New York City gemstones of

15:22such elegance are extremely rare but one

15:25thing is for sure wherever gems are

15:27found there are people who will spend

15:29their lives digging them out so the rest

15:31of us can enjoy them gemstones are found

15:39in geological pockets all over the world

15:41usually in very remote and rugged

15:43locations sapphires come from Sri Lanka

15:47India and Burma to name a few places but

15:50the largest sapphire field in the world

15:52is in central Queensland Australia the

15:56Aniki field covers an area of almost 350

15:59square miles since the 1870s dark blue

16:02sapphires have been found here but green

16:05yellow and even pink varieties are also

16:08common 50 million years ago massive

16:11volcanic activity rained down corundum

16:13crystals and other gem bearing rock

16:15across the area on the line just on the

16:18Tropic of Capricorn here it seems that

16:20the conditions away down the Earth's

16:22mantle when these when these volcanoes

16:24were exploding had the exactly the right

16:26ingredients for conditions in the rock

16:28to form the support over time more

16:31layers of volcanic Durden

16:33covered the wash the layer of ancient

16:35gravel where the sapphires are found

16:37Peter Brown lives in the township of

16:40ruby vale where he's been mining Aniki

16:42sapphires for over 30 years

16:45iseman the decomposed granite we've got

16:48a layer of gravel and rocks and then we

16:52go up to sandy layers and that here this

16:54riverbed where ancient River be able to

16:56lay down something like 15 million years

16:58ago you can imagine the sapphires or

17:00blasted air the volcanoes dumped on the

17:03surrounding landscape with a few

17:04kilometres around here and then with

17:06these massive rains washed into these

17:09valleys and then charged down these

17:12valleys are some more like big big mud

17:15flows with rocks and gravel sort of like

17:18you see coming out of a concrete mixer

17:20like more gravelly sort of wash and the

17:22heavy sapphires and iron stone get

17:25caught up and we're looking for those

17:27rich little areas the mining process is

17:30hard work but fortunes have been made

17:32out here I mean they have to clean over

17:34after a big dam for one day just to go

17:37spec in what we call walk around looking

17:39on the ground and just picked up a 40

17:41carat rough on you go out there and just

17:44wander around the bush and you can have

17:46a chance of picking up a stone or they

17:48say you know or come to the Sapphire

17:50future could stub your toe on a fortune

17:51in another part of the Aniki field Ray

17:54Richardson runs one of the few

17:55commercial mining operations we've been

17:58mining this area for about three years

18:01we done extensive drilling through this

18:04new area and found this new deposit of

18:06sapphires here sapphires are not

18:09typically found in a host rock like

18:10diamonds they are loose and occur

18:13randomly once found they need to be

18:16separated from other minerals in mining

18:18operations like Richardson's excavators

18:21dig down to the wash and remove the gem

18:23bearing dirt then it's transported to

18:26the wash plant for closer inspection

18:27goes through the procedure of washing it

18:30and goes through a trauma which sizes

18:32the material we only wash up to 15

18:37millimeters over that because in this

18:39area there's not a lot of big sapphire

18:41so the rest of its discharged absolutely

18:44trommel and then inside the trommel it's

18:47all scrubbed and Holly water pressure

18:49hits it him there and cleans it all up

18:50and from there goes through the pulse

18:52eiders and that's what catches the

18:55sapphires the sapphires are collected in

18:57buckets which Ray takes home for sorting

18:59with a magnetic separator and as the

19:02material travels at along the shuttle

19:04conveyor belt the join Stein sticks to

19:06it and gets dragged back underneath and

19:08the sapphires and any other material

19:10ports and stuff like that goes forwards

19:13course fault into the front bucket the

19:15rough sapphires are separated by hand

19:17from any other materials and then

19:19further sorted for size and color then

19:22it's off to Bangkok for cutting we cut

19:25them into eight or ten different shapes

19:27and sizes emerald cut I get lucky oval

19:32round princess square trilliant first

19:37any shape and in all the sizes from ten

19:40millimeters up to six or eight

19:41millimeters so all shapes all sizes once

19:45the stones are cut they're calibrated

19:46for size and sent to jewelers around the

19:49world

19:51Aniki may be the largest sapphire field

19:54in the world but it's no longer the most

19:56prolific the majority of high-quality

19:58blue and fancy colored sapphires are now

20:01being discovered in even more exotic

20:03locations the main supplier sapphires in

20:07the world at the moment are coming from

20:08places like Madagascar are very bright

20:11bright blue and very well sought after

20:14on the market in 1998 significant

20:17deposits of high-quality corundum were

20:20found in the town of Allah cacao the

20:22discovery sparked a mining frenzy

20:24swelling the population from 40 people

20:27to thousands of hopeful prospectors the

20:30African island is only 225,000 square

20:33miles but it's a gemologist dream come

20:36true Madagascar is like one of these

20:38great treasure troves that has really

20:40hit the scene in the last decade

20:42producing new gemstone after new

20:45gemstone located on the gem saturated

20:48mozambique orogenic belt

20:50emeralds garnets tourmaline x' crystal

20:53barrels alexandrite x' aquamarines and

20:56sapphires are all found here but the

20:59most recent discovery was in 2001 when

21:02rubies were found in the sprawling

21:04shanty town of more manga so you tend to

21:06have rubies found in in places that are

21:09associated with mountain chains so the

21:12kinds of places that rubies are mined

21:15are often for quite inhospitable that

21:19the environment is difficult here mining

21:25methods are rudimentary at best hand

21:27digging shafts and panning in the

21:29streams is as technical as it gets but

21:32it means everyone rich or poor can join

21:35in you see these people worked so hard

21:38digging in there with primitive tools

21:40and this is the way it is it's the same

21:42process now as it was thousands of years

21:45ago everywhere in between

21:47the same process of these groups of

21:51people in there digging in these little

21:53pits in these mining areas and hopefully

21:55finding something not so easy it's not

21:59mechanized in the same way as diamond

22:01mining or summer gold mining it's still

22:05a hit and miss you could be 10 feet off

22:09you could be 6 feet off and not even

22:12find the vein and it's very risky and so

22:17it takes a lot of work on the muddy

22:19banks of streams locals work in small

22:21teams to collect and pan through buckets

22:23of Ruby rich dirt nearby men are digging

22:27holes 8 feet down and 2 feet wide when

22:30they reach the wash level they dig the

22:33dirt out laterally with picks and

22:34shovels it's tough work for hopes of a

22:37big payoff rough stones are cleaned and

22:41brought into the town where the town's

22:42folk lend a hand sorting them into piles

22:44of color and size Malagasy rubies tend

22:47to be purplish red to very dark red and

22:50are generally quite small however some

22:53areas have produced rough transparent

22:55crystals yielding faceted pieces as

22:57large as 12 carats

22:59these specimens usually contain

23:01inclusions of zircon or root till find

23:04quality Ruby in large sizes is very hard

23:06to come by in such a gem rich area it's

23:09a wonder there are no large commercial

23:11operations but the terrain discourages

23:14any large machinery from being brought

23:16in Madagascar is really rough it's

23:20really rough and when people think rough

23:22this is like really rugged to go there

23:25to get to more manga from the capital of

23:28a ton on areevo it's a day of driving

23:31followed by a full day of bushwhacking

23:33through the dense jungle these stones by

23:36and large come from very remote and

23:38exotic areas places like the Andes

23:41Mountains in South America and Colombia

23:44Madagascar Mozambique Burma Sri Lanka

23:47they're very remote a lot of times in a

23:50jungle region foreign gem dealers who

23:53come to Madagascar do not venture into

23:55the remote mining towns instead they

23:59work from trading Hut's that are

24:00established in major townships like on

24:02De La Mina miners from more manga and

24:05other boom towns trek in and out daily

24:08trading gems for cash but Madagascar

24:12isn't the only country blessed with such

24:14a dizzying array of treasures tucked

24:16away in the hills of eastern Brazil lies

24:19the bustling town of Nova era mining for

24:22emeralds began here in the 1960s with no

24:25signs of slowing down

24:26I've been in the mines in Brazil that

24:29emerald mines in Brazil we're seeing the

24:32schist come out of the ground the dirt

24:34coming out of the ground and you see

24:36emerald crystals this is just like fresh

24:39out of the ground like that it's pretty

24:40amazing

24:41Antonio Raimundo dos Santos works a mine

24:43outside Nova era

24:45it's a typical setup workers are lowered

24:48down a narrow shaft on a makeshift

24:50wooden seat 300 feet below a low ceiling

24:53tunnel fitted with cart tracks awaits

24:55light bulbs are strung along one side to

24:58provide light for the worker

24:59whoo tamp sticks of dynamite into the

25:01walls it's muddy dark and dangerous we

25:05find the veins then we detonate them and

25:08after you finish detonating them you

25:10check to see if there is anything and if

25:13there is the guys gather them and bring

25:15them up here up on the surface other

25:18workers winch cauldrons of dirt up from

25:20below and empty them onto the ground

25:22rocks are divided up by size for sorting

25:25it's extremely physical work but when a

25:28330 carat rough emerald like this one is

25:31unearthed fatigue gives way to

25:32jubilation all the guys get really

25:36excited holy Mary it is such a joy to

25:39everybody all the workers mainly the

25:41owner he gets really excited when he can

25:44get it it is such a joy to use it is

25:46victory along the outskirts of Nova era

25:49the mine also employs people to pan for

25:52emeralds I find a lot today it is hard

26:03work to keep bending down and

26:05straightening up at night it is not fun

26:07the rough crystals are collected and

26:09transported to towns such as Nova era

26:11for inspection grading and cutting like

26:18diamonds rubies sapphires and emeralds

26:20are graded on the four C's color clarity

26:23cut and carat weight but unlike diamonds

26:27there's only one C that really counts

26:29color in the world of colored stones

26:32color is the most important thing so if

26:38you have a ruby or an emerald whatever

26:42that is exceptional color that's the

26:48most important thing and other factors

26:50become less important gemstones come in

26:53every color of the spectrum but rubies

26:56sapphires and emeralds have set the

26:58standard for the very best hues of red

27:00blue and green being able to see a

27:03slight difference in shade it for

27:06instance in a in a Burma Ruby can make

27:08the difference between a ruby that's

27:10$500 a carat or $5,000 a carat

27:13everything else is equal and subtle

27:16shades are worth a great deal of money

27:19because Mother Earth doesn't make that

27:21shade of color combined with that

27:23clarity combined with that size very

27:26often so it's a it's a it's an indicator

27:28of rarity and it really indicates the

27:31value of the gemstone colors everything

27:32in colored stones when devaluating color

27:35there are three things to consider hue

27:38tone and saturation with gems or with

27:42anything that we judge color with we're

27:44judging hue which is red and we're

27:47judging tone which is in the gem world

27:50is created from 1 to 10 so going from

27:53basically a light light almost colorless

27:56to a dark almost black and Gray's in

27:59between and then we have saturation and

28:01the saturation would be the amount of of

28:04actual color that exists to the average

28:07person one emerald might look the same

28:09as the next but in the eyes of a gem

28:12connoisseur the slightest degree of

28:14contrast in tone or saturation can alter

28:17the gems value dramatically it really is

28:20one of the one of the areas where

28:22technology has not replaced expertise

28:25personal expertise I think it would be

28:28akin to someone that's an art

28:30connoisseur someone that's at the top of

28:31their game in the art world you can't

28:34expect a machine to look at a painting

28:36and know what that person knows from

28:39their experience

28:39it's very similar with gemstones find

28:42Colombian emeralds for example are

28:44bright green with a very faint hint of

28:46blue earning top dollar per carat on the

28:48market while Zambian emeralds are deep

28:50bluish green with exceptionally high

28:53clarity and some Brazilian specimens are

28:55green that's slightly tinted with yellow

28:58Burmese rubies are so superior in color

29:00they're known as Burma red and are

29:03likened to the color of pigeons blood at

29:05market they can fetch twice as much as

29:08any other color of

29:09Ruby's just term pigeon blood red which

29:13is not really a technical term more of a

29:15more of a marketing term it just it's

29:17it's come to mean the best color of red

29:20that can be found in rubies some gems

29:22have more than one color which also

29:24affects grading anisotropic gemstones

29:28when the light splits in two rays and

29:33follows different directions the

29:36absorption and therefore the color of

29:40CERN in each one of those directions may

29:42be different and there are gemstones

29:46that may show two colors in a sapphire

29:50one angle might show a vivid blue but

29:53turn it over and it might have a purple

29:55or green in it some rubies show

29:57different Reds at different angles it is

30:00in the skill of the cutter again two

30:03before deciding how he or she is going

30:06to cut the stone to orient it so that it

30:11will show the best color face up light

30:13source can also affect the color you see

30:15in a stone color trueness and different

30:18types of light affects the desirability

30:20of a stone and therefore its value a

30:23beautiful blue in all lighting

30:25environments can cause a stone to sell

30:28for much more than one that looks

30:30fabulous in this light but then you go

30:32inside and it's it's more purpley blue

30:36trace elements inside gems create

30:38dazzling colors but too much of an

30:41element can cause a myriad of other

30:43problems unfortunately with emeralds and

30:45rubies very often the element or the

30:49trace impurity that gives it the color

30:51the fine color which is usually chromium

30:54is the same element that stresses the

30:57stone during formation atoms of chromium

31:00replace atoms of aluminum of the host

31:02crystal for both rubies and emeralds

31:05once the gem is unearthed the chromium

31:08absorbs all the wavelengths of light

31:10except those we perceive as either red

31:12or green but too much chromium will make

31:15the Ruby or emerald brittle and it can

31:18break

31:19it's a double-edged sword when you're

31:20dealing particularly it seems with

31:22chromium chromium again can also be a

31:24growth inhibitor for Ruby that's why

31:26it's very rare to see two three four

31:30karat Jimmy transparent vivid red rubies

31:34they're yielding prices now hundreds of

31:38thousands of dollars per carat right now

31:40because of that factor Ruby's very

31:43unique when you compare it to a lot of

31:45other gemstones the carat weight of

31:47colored gemstones is also important but

31:49often misunderstood the the actual

31:52weight of diamond for example is lighter

31:56than Ruby and Sapphire and heavier than

32:00an emerald so if you had three stones

32:03that all weighed one carat a one carat

32:07Ruby a one carat emerald and one carat

32:09diamond and they were all cut in the

32:11exact same shape and the same

32:13proportions the ruby or sapphire would

32:17look almost 25% smaller than the diamond

32:21and the emerald will look larger than

32:24the diamond no matter what the carat

32:26weight an expert cut can add tremendous

32:28value to any sized gem it's what makes

32:31the stone come to life color gems are

32:34usually mined in one country and are

32:36sent to another for cutting Thailand's

32:38tradition of cutting sapphires and

32:40rubies dates back centuries

32:41a lot of the sapphire and Ruby are cut

32:44in Thailand but there are cutting

32:47centers all over the world but the bulk

32:49of those will be cut in those areas in

32:51the case of emeralds Brazil is one

32:53country that has become known for both

32:55its rich mines and highly skilled

32:57cutters in the town of Nova era lapidary

33:01Sala Miranda cuts up to a dozen emeralds

33:04a day

33:07have a nightmare my favorite stone to

33:09work and cut is the Emerald because I

33:13was practically born in an emerald site

33:16here

33:18emerald cutting techniques are passed

33:19down from generation to generation my

33:26uncles and parents worked with the

33:28Emerald so this is a stone I've always

33:32been around since I was little and I

33:35learned how to cut emeralds are so

33:37difficult to cut

33:38Salo must consider many factors before

33:41starting work on a new piece of rough

33:51for you to start cutting a stone you

33:54will weigh it to see how you will use

33:55the stone and then you will see where

33:58you will saw if you have inclusions

34:01where you will draw the saw to see the

34:04position you will form you have to

34:07analyze the position of color the

34:10crystallization for you to give its

34:13shape of all the shapes into which an

34:16emerald is cut there is one that is by

34:18far the most popular in fact it's named

34:21after the gem the emerald cut it gets

34:24its name because the shape of the

34:26crystal the emerald crystal itself lends

34:29itself to that shape you can almost see

34:32a box inside a box inside a box and it

34:35creates can create a very lively stone

34:39the emerald is a stone that you cannot

34:42waste a good stone must be used to its

34:46maximum so that you can earn more in

34:48terms of carats in fact most of the time

34:52colored gems are cut to emphasize or

34:54highlight their natural crystal

34:56structure sapphires and rubies because

34:58of the way the rough occurs are usually

35:02cut in what we call a cushion cut which

35:04is sort of them think of a cushion as a

35:06round with squared corners or square

35:09with rounded corners after gemstones are

35:13cut they are often treated to enhance

35:15their natural character and beauty

35:17emeralds are typically treated with an

35:19oil or resin to fill fractures and hide

35:22surface imperfections emeralds are

35:24routinely oiled to enhance their beauty

35:27it's not improving their color it's

35:30improving the clarity and this is going

35:33back to the times of Cleopatra it's

35:35actually noted that emeralds were

35:37actually oiled to make them more

35:38beautiful so it is a very standard

35:41routine practice for emeralds by putting

35:44a colorless oil into those cracks it

35:49provides a medium through which the

35:50light now doesn't stop and get scattered

35:53it travels through so it eliminates that

35:55whitish

35:56so you can actually more accurately and

35:59precisely grade the most important

36:02factor affecting the value the color but

36:06oiling emeralds is just one age-old

36:08treatment sapphires and rubies benefit

36:11from heat treatment inside the earth

36:13extremely high temperatures are crucial

36:15to gemstone formation so heat treatment

36:18is like a continuation of that natural

36:20process in Queensland Australia where

36:24the majority of sapphires are dark inky

36:26blue Peter Brown uses heat to treat

36:28rough crystals in his lapidary workshop

36:30so these are sapphires that have decided

36:32need the heat treatment to lighten some

36:34of them and then to take the silk out of

36:36some of the other ones all the different

36:38colors we put them in a little sapphire

36:42crucible or corundum crucible and then

36:50they go into the oven which is a heat

36:53treating process that goes up to 1400 to

36:561600 degrees Celsius over an eight-hour

36:59period so they reach the maximum

37:00temperature for maybe an air and they

37:02cool down so it's an overnight process

37:04in the oven a special computer program

37:07controls internal temperatures inside

37:09the oven if the critical temperature is

37:11not maintained during the heating

37:13process the sapphires can crack the

37:16inclusions will heat up and expand at a

37:21different rate than the Ruby that holds

37:25them or the Sapphire that hold them and

37:27that may cause the inclusions to open up

37:33fractures within the Ruby

37:37although heat treatment of gemstones is

37:39common practice it can affect price and

37:42should always be disclosed at the point

37:44of sale fine quality untreated sapphires

37:47rubies and emeralds are very rare

37:49command much higher prices and should

37:52always come with a gem testing report as

37:54gemologist we have to be able to

37:56identify if a gem stone has been treated

37:59because so many gemstones are treated

38:02today

38:03these days it's exceptionally rare to

38:05find a beautiful faceted ruby sapphire

38:07or emerald that is untreated without

38:10modern-day heat treatment none of us

38:11would have a job in the jewelry industry

38:13there would not be enough rubies and

38:15sapphires to meet any of the demand that

38:18exists on earth today one reason that

38:20you can go in a jewelry store in any

38:22major city in the world and buy colored

38:25stone jewelry with rubies and sapphires

38:27is because modern-day heat-treatment

38:29rubies and unheated rubies and unheated

38:32sapphires are so rare without that only

38:34the wealthiest people on earth could

38:36afford them so if a buyer wants a stone

38:38of hide color and clarity with fewer

38:40zeros on the price tag a heat-treated

38:43ruby or sapphire is a fantastic and

38:45affordable choice

38:52the elements minerals and geological

38:55conditions required to form gemstones so

38:57rarely occur together within nature

38:59it's a miracle gemstones form at all

39:02current deposits will only get smaller

39:04as they are mined and once a deposit is

39:07completely gone

39:08new deposits may never be found my

39:11suggestion is if you see a nice don't

39:13get it because you never know where

39:16that's going to be in the future those

39:18pockets fry up emeralds especially are

39:21very rare and eventually the deposits

39:24will run out the highest quality

39:26sapphire deposit ever found has already

39:28disappeared which is greatly affected

39:31price most people have heard maybe of

39:34the name of Kashmir sapphires well they

39:36were discovered around 1900 in Kashmir

39:40India and within a very short period of

39:42time within two three years that mine

39:44was depleted but what it produced was

39:47some of the most spectacular

39:49world-famous sapphires that have never

39:52been seen again no other area in that

39:54region no other gemstone know whether

39:56sapphire deposit in the world has

39:58produced a sapphire of love that color

40:00or clarity or quality of all the colors

40:03of corundum available ruby red is by far

40:06the rarest fine quality rubies are

40:09steadily becoming scarce er although

40:11recent discoveries like the ones in

40:13Madagascar will help bolster the supply

40:15for a while the overall world supply

40:18will continue to diminish but recent

40:21scientific breakthroughs have offered an

40:23alternative in 1902 French chemist or

40:27ghost fern Oy perfected the flame fusion

40:30process a quick and easy way of creating

40:32synthetic gem balls or crystals flame

40:35fusion is a method that essentially

40:39smelting the chemical components that

40:43make corundum you have an oxygen

40:48hydrogen torch that is heating a chamber

40:51through which powder in the case of

40:56columbium aluminum oxide drops with the

40:59dopant of chromium or titanium and iron

41:03to give the color and that melt falls us

41:06droplet on a cylinder and it envelopes

41:09the cylinder and the cylinder is lowered

41:12as the bull grows within hours a

41:16synthetic Ruby or sapphire can be grown

41:18using flame fusion but there are

41:20disadvantages

41:21those are bulls are under stress because

41:27they crystallize pretty fast so

41:31typically they break in half lengthwise

41:35so the size the maximum size of the gem

41:38that you're going to get is given by

41:41half the size of the bull there are

41:44several other ways to create higher

41:45quality corundum one is flux growth

41:48which imitates metamorphic conditions

41:50inside the earth where gemstones formed

41:53naturally flux grown rubies and

41:55sapphires are very high quality and

41:58typically runs several hundred dollars

42:00per carat you can get fabulous color in

42:02a flawless gemstone and that color with

42:06that degree of flawlessness virtually

42:08never happens in mother nature if it

42:10does those are the gems that cost

42:12hundreds of thousands to millions of

42:15dollars but in a synthetic like a

42:17synthetic emerald you can have the best

42:19color imaginable in a totally flawless

42:21crystal which just doesn't happen in

42:23mother nature another method for

42:25creating almost flawless gems uses water

42:28other methods to make synthetic gems are

42:33hydrothermal methods where instead of

42:37using a melt the nutrients are dissolved

42:40in water solutions and

42:44the crystal growth from a seed so in

42:49some cases the seed can be still

42:53identified in the grown crystal and it

42:59is in the skill of the cutter not to use

43:01the portion of the crystal that has the

43:03seeds so that that is hidden

43:06both the flux and hydrothermal methods

43:09have produced beautiful gems but just

43:11like natural gems quality comes at a

43:14price

43:14the flux techniques and the hydrothermal

43:17techniques produce the more expensive

43:21type of synthetics because they more

43:24resemble the way in which nature works

43:27and take far more time whereas by flame

43:31fusions a bull can be grown in hours it

43:34may take you know months to grow

43:38hydrothermal gemstone some synthetic

43:43gems so perfectly mimic the real deal it

43:46can take a lot of effort to identify the

43:47differences I bought one of the finest 3

43:51karat Burma rubies in the world it was

43:54superb and I had a client that wanted to

43:57buy it but it was under the condition

43:59that it had a lab certificate with it

44:01saying that it was Burmese Ruby and it

44:03was natural I sent it off to the lab and

44:07he said he needed to have it for quite a

44:09while I asked him what the problem was

44:11and he said I'm having a tough time

44:13determining whether it's genuine or not

44:15now after you spend a lot of money and

44:18you hear that you really start to worry

44:19and he said we're gonna shoot an x-ray

44:22fluorescence spectrometer on that and

44:24see if we can determine if their trace

44:27minerals there that are found in Burma

44:29and sure enough after several days and

44:34me was sleepless nights I found out that

44:36it was in fact a natural gemstone but it

44:39took several people working at all the

44:41major labs to determine whether it was

44:45man-made or natural as major gem testing

44:48labs have developed new testing methods

44:50the line between natural and synthetic

44:52is less murky

44:54the greatest challenge for the synthetic

44:56industry has not been the manufacturing

44:58process it has been in gaining

45:00acceptance by gem connoisseurs who want

45:03to know their gemstone was formed

45:04naturally over billions of years with no

45:07help from man a gemstone synthetic is a

45:10gem that's been made in a laboratory

45:11that wasn't mined it wasn't made by

45:13Mother Nature deep within the earth 100

45:16million years ago it was made by a

45:18laboratory perhaps in China two weeks

45:22ago

45:22that's the difference but chemically

45:24optically and physically it is a ruby

45:26it's not a fake it is a ruby but what's

45:30a ruby like that worth compared to that

45:32million dollar Ruby that was found the

45:34best ruby found in the last five years

45:36at a mocha Burma that's the difference

45:38rubies sapphires and emeralds are

45:40considered precious because they are

45:42beautiful durable and most of all rare

45:45as time goes on scientists will likely

45:48continue to find more inexpensive and

45:50faster ways to recreate in the lab what

45:53mother nature took eons to produce but

45:56whether the product is of science or

45:58nature like the kings and Pharaohs of

46:01ancient times mankind will always value

46:04the alluring beauty and timeless

46:06elegance of a precious gem

YTUVI-003 · Гранаты — целое семейство

Цаворит (легенда Бриджеса), демантоид (русский, horsetail), спессартин — разноцветная семья минералов.

Полный idea-файл (концепт, hook, b-roll, references)

Гранаты — Цаворит, Демантоид, Спессартин

Concept

Разрушаем стереотип «гранат = бабушкино тёмно-красное кольцо». Гранат — это целое семейство минералов с десятками цветов. Берём три самые коллекционные разновидности: зелёный цаворит, «бриллиантовый» демантоид (с уникальным horsetail-включением) и ярко-оранжевый спессартин. Показываем, почему гранаты сейчас — «умный» вход в коллекционные камни: цена реальная, подделки отличимы, рынок растёт.

Structure (канальная формула)

1. Hook — «Гранат — это не один камень, а целая таблица Менделеева. Вот три, о которых молчат.»

2. Geology — группа гранатов (пироп, альмандин, спессартин, гроссуляр, андрадит, уваровит), почему цвет определяет химизм, эпохи месторождений.

3. Свойства — изотропность (единственный популярный color stone без двулучепреломления — важный инструмент идентификации), показатель преломления, плотность.

4. Как определяют месторождение — Цаворит: Кения/Танзания. Демантоид: Урал (классика) vs Намибия/Мадагаскар. Спессартин: Намибия (Kunene) / Мозамбик / Нигерия.

5. Облагораживание — гранаты почти не облагораживают — большой плюс для коллекционера.

6. Рынок / аукционы — цаворит > $10k/ct в top-quality, уральский демантоид с horsetail — collector’s premium.

7. Как читать сертификат — какой минерал указан (species vs variety), что значит «Horsetail inclusions present».

8. Вынос — почему семейство гранатов — идеальный учебный материал для начинающего коллекционера.

Key Points

Гранат — это группа, не один минерал. Важно понимать species (альмандин, гроссуляр, андрадит…) и variety (цаворит, демантоид, спессартин).
Horsetail включения в демантоиде = подпись Урала, premium к цене.
Гранаты — изотропны → быстрый способ отсечь их от сапфира/рубина/изумруда.
Почти нет практики нагрева/заполнения → «честные» камни.
Крупный чистый цаворит (>3 ct) — большая редкость.

Hook Ideas

«Забудьте гранат из 90-х. Вот три камня, которые стоят как сапфиры.»
«Один минерал с хвостом лошади — и цена × 10.»
«Зелёный, который не изумруд. Оранжевый, который не цитрин. Красный, который не рубин.»

B-Roll / Visuals

Макро: цаворит/демантоид/спессартин рядом + красный пироп для контраста
Микроскоп: horsetail inclusions в демантоиде
Карта: Цаворо, Урал (Бобровка), Kunene
Схема species vs variety для группы гранатов
Изотропность на поляризаторе — демонстрация

Открытые вопросы / research

Найти уральский демантоид с выраженным horsetail для макро
Сверить свежие аукционные результаты Sotheby’s/Bonhams по цавориту
Подтвердить экспертного гостя (геммолог, специализирующийся на гранатах)

References

GIA gem encyclopedia — garnet species
Уральский горный музей — демантоид

💬 Цитаты из встречи

9:12 · Наталья«Ещё точно также можно взять гранаты, потому что есть отдельно у них подвиды тимантоид, это российские камни с красивыми внутренними хвостами зелёного цвета, с игрой. И фаером такой вот радугой, даже больше, чем у бриллианта. Это единственный камень, который играет огнём на солнце круче, чем бриллиант, это тимантоид.»

9:36 · Наталья«Второй это спессартин, оранжевый гранат. Третий это цаварит, зелёный гранат. Ещё куча красных гранатов, но можно туда не лезть. Есть гранат малая такой, розово -оранжевый. Вот даже про пять этих гранатов рассказать, сказать, что типа гранаты, это не только те красные гранаты, которые вы видите в магазинах, но ещё и вот такие. И это тоже можно сделать целый выпуск про подвиды гранатов, которые сейчас ценные, растут в цене. И у нас, если что, внутри конторы есть парочка, не так много их, потому что это реально дорогие камни. Мы их очень аккуратно с цаваритами, со спессартинами, ну с радолитами, наверное, тоже что -то найдём, с тимантоидами мало. Ну короче, вот что -то чуть -чуть мы сможем показать примеры.»

10:41 · Наталья«Только не Брюс Бриджес, а другое его имя было, забыла. Фамилия Бриджес. Это был минералог, геолог, он в Кении был, за ним погнался бык. Сыгнал ему в речку, и он от него... Буй был, пуфало. И он от него прятался, всё никак не мог выйти из этой речки, и пошёл потихонечку вдоль реки, потому что тут его преследовал, и всё.»

11:08 · Наталья«посмотрел, что это какие -то зелёные, думает, не знаю, что это за камень уже занимается этой темой. В общем, спрятал, пошёл. Отправил в лабораторию, и через некоторое время ему лаборатория сказала, а это вот такие были, ну вот получается, то ли 40 -ые, то ли 60 -ые, то ли 70 -ые годы 20 -го века. Получил ответ, что это неизведанный до сих пор вид камня, и тип граната, но почему -то зелёный, которых ещё раньше никогда в жизни не встречали. Ему сказали, ну, давай, называй камень. И он вместо того, чтобы назвать его своим именем, там, Бриджес или что -то, сказал, это был берег реки Цава, назовём его Цава -рит. Он был очень смышлённый и крутой чувак. Он купил очень много месторождений там, основал свою компанию Цава -райт, и стал одним из самых известных в мире. Одним из ведущих владельцев и добытчиков Цава -ритов и разных цветных гранатов в мире.»

12:25 · Наталья«эту историю узнала от лаборатории. Он сам мне её не рассказывал ещё. Но про то, что они создатели, те люди, которые нашли, это всем известно, что Бриджесы нашли этот камень. И вот можно какую -нибудь такую даже историю, легенду закинуть. Вот про демонтоиды там тоже будет интересно. Это исконно русский камень. Демонтоиды к чему? К»

Референс-видео по теме

📥 Ждём вторую подборку от Натальи. В первой подборке 2026-04-22 по этому камню референсов не было — делаем запрос на follow-up видео (напр. Gemstones channel про demantoid, или Andrew Pidor по гранатам).

YTUVI-004 · Шпинель + Корона Российской империи

Историческая подмена: в короне — не рубин, а шпинель. Mahenge, Mogok, cobalt blue, взрывной price index.

Полный idea-файл (концепт, hook, b-roll, references)

Шпинель и Корона Российской империи

Concept

Якорная история — Корона Российской империи, в которой «рубин» на самом деле оказался шпинелью (как и Black Prince's Ruby в британской короне). Вокруг этого разворачиваем весь выпуск про шпинель: самый недооценённый коллекционный камень, который взрывается в цене, не облагораживается, и долгое время просто путался с рубином в королевских регалиях. Кремлёвская Бриллиантовая кладовая — потенциальная location-история.

Structure (канальная формула)

1. Hook — «В короне русских императоров 300 лет сиял "рубин". А это была шпинель. Такая же история — в короне Британии. Такая же — в половине королевских коллекций мира.»

2. Geology — MgAl₂O₄, метаморфические мраморы, Mogok (Бирма), Таджикистан/Памир, Mahenge (Танзания), Вьетнам (Люкьен).

3. Свойства — изотропность (как у граната и бриллианта), твёрдость 8, НЕТ плеохроизма → блеск «как стекло», кристальная чистота цвета.

4. Как определяют месторождение — Mogok red, Mahenge neon hot-pink, Памир lavender, Вьетнам Люкьен cobalt blue.

5. История подмены — Black Prince's Ruby, Timur Ruby, Корона Российской империи («Большой рубин» — на самом деле 398-каратная шпинель из Цейлона/Бирмы). Почему исторически не умели отличать.

6. Облагораживание — практически нет. Каждая шпинель с сертификатом — честный камень. Это USP на рынке.

7. Рынок / аукционы — Mahenge после 2007, взрывной price index, cobalt blue из Вьетнама как топ. Чёрная шпинель на JTV-style ТВ — неожиданный хит (по личной практике Натальи).

8. Как читать сертификат — Species = Spinel, цвет, отсутствие обработки.

9. Кремлёвская локация — опция съёмки в Бриллиантовой кладовой (через статус «ювелирного СМИ»). Если не получится — архивные фото + макет короны.

10. Вынос — почему шпинель = лучшая стартовая позиция в коллекционировании цветных камней.

Key Points

Корона Российской империи: центральный «рубин» — 398,72 ct красная шпинель (куплена Николаем Спафари в Пекине у китайского императора в 1676 г.).
Black Prince's Ruby в британской Imperial State Crown — тоже шпинель.
Шпинель практически не облагораживают → честный рынок.
Mahenge (2007) — открытие месторождения изменило рынок розовой/neon шпинели. Цены удвоились за 10 лет.
Кобальтовая шпинель (Вьетнам, Шри-Ланка) — редчайший синий синий. Часто путают с сапфиром.
Чёрная шпинель — массовый хит ювелирного ТВ, который сами зрители «чуют» как тренд.

Reference quotes from kickoff

> [13:15 Наталья] «Шпинель — это очень популярный нынче камень для всех, кто хоть чуточку возомнил себя любителем или, упаси Боже, инвестором. Она реально несётся в цене как просто дикая.»

> [14:08 Наталья] «Я пять лет назад покупала себе красную шпинель — мне повезло, я не шарила, что делаю. Он у меня сейчас вырос. Но сейчас уже нужно быть очень богатым человеком, чтобы купить себе хорошую красную шпинель.»

> [15:15 Наталья] «В короне Российской империи очень долго все думали, что находится рубин. На самом деле это была красная шпинель. Исторически раньше не отличали рубины от шпинелей. Очень много, где думали, что в украшениях царских находились рубины — на самом деле были шпинели.»

> [14:33 Наталья] «Мы изначально продавали только чёрную шпинель. И это было хитяще просто на нашем канале. Я от нас и узнала, что это за хит такой — наши так набрасываются на чёрную шпинель. А они шарят.»

Hook Ideas

«В короне русских императоров 300 лет сиял "рубин". Это была шпинель. И никто не замечал.»
«Камень, который дешевле рубина. И лучше его.»
«Почему коллекционеры скупают шпинель, а ювелиры только сейчас это поняли.»

B-Roll / Visuals

Архивные фото Короны Российской империи + Imperial State Crown (UK)
Макро: Mogok red, Mahenge neon pink, cobalt blue, lavender — spectrum
Карта: Mogok, Mahenge, Памир, Lục Yên (Люкьен) Вьетнам
Side-by-side: рубин vs шпинель на поляризаторе (доказательство изотропности)
Аукционные фото Sotheby's Mahenge + Mogok red

Открытые вопросы / research

Кремлёвская Бриллиантовая кладовая — реалистичность съёмки через статус «ювелирного СМИ»?
Какие шпинели реально доступны для макро: Наталья упомянула красную, кобальтовую, чёрную
Подтвердить факты по Короне Российской империи (вес, путь, документальные источники)
Индекс цен на шпинель 2015 → 2025 (Наталья обещала показать)

References

Бриллиантовая кладовая Кремля (Алмазный фонд РФ)
Black Prince's Ruby, Imperial State Crown (UK Crown Jewels)
Mahenge discovery (Tanzania, 2007)
GRS / GIA / SSEF spinel reports

💬 Цитаты из встречи

3:41 · Наталья«они, ну, каждый вкладывает деньги в то, в чем он шарит, и что он знает, и, соответственно, они знают, что их камни ценные, и берманские рубины, и шпинели, и они сами скупают эти камни. То есть в основном -то камни все торгуются в Гонконге, в Бангкоке, туда вывозятся. И дилеры выкупают их обратно и везут обратно в Бирму, потому что им изнутри политически, законодательно запретили выводить капитал. И поэтому они внутри стараются выкупать все, что есть. А когда у тебя выкупают все, что есть на рынке, все остальное, все оставшееся следом подтягивается. Берманские рубины скупили, значит, мозамбекские пошли следом. Все рубины скупили, значит, другие камни красного цвета, например, красная шпинель пошла следом. Вот про это можно сказать. Точно можно будет найти какие -нибудь самые крутые, самые классные, примеры на аукционах проданные, на Кресте Сотбис, Филлипс и так далее, может быть, даже по несколько раз продающихся. Можно будет показать индекс цен с парочки тех сайтов, на которые я смотрю. Можно будет точно рассказать, на что обращать внимание при выборе и покупке рубина с точки зрения, какой оттенок цвета ценится больше, какой, что такое пиджинплат, что такое кримсонрайд, как они сами их заявляли изначально на официальном аккаунте Фейсбука. Губелин говорил о том, что они кримсонрайд выпустили, вот этот вот термин для камней без флуоресценции, но по факту они уже сами этого не помнят и объясняются подругам.»

13:15 · Наталья«всё. Вот про гранаты тоже можно вот такой выпуск сделать. Я думаю, тоже будет интересно. Чуть -чуть упомянуть остальные — и будет хорошо. Ещё можно было бы сделать про шпинели. Это очень популярный нынче камень для всех, кто хоть чуточку возомнил себя любителем или, упаси Боже, инвестором. Потому что она реально несётся в цене как просто дикая. Из исторических фактов прикольно то, что… Они красные»

14:08 · Наталья«тебе купить красную шпинель уже сейчас — это уже прям… Ну вот я пять лет назад покупала себе этот камень. Мне повезло. Я не шарила, что я делаю. Мне просто повезло. Он у меня сейчас вырос. И я счастлива. Но сейчас уже нужно быть очень богатым человеком, чтобы купить себе хорошую красную шпинель. А вы сейчас такие шпинели продаёте?»

14:33 · Наталья«Мы изначально продавали только чёрную. И это было хитяще просто на нашем канале. Хотя там были кольца, усеянные маленькими точечками чёрной шпинели. Я именно от нас и узнала, что это за хит такой. Что это наши так набрасываются. На чёрную шпинель. А они шарят. И вот когда я уже начала ездить и узнавать, я узнала, что есть цветная. Что это, оказывается, писец какой хит. Это вот как порайба. Но она уже всё. Она уже долетела до такого космоса, что это тоже камень, который там доступен пока.»

15:15 · Наталья«Вот. Короче, там много месторождений. Во Вьетнаме люкьен есть. Короче, кобальтовая вырвиглась. Такая синяя шпинель. В Танзании, Махенге, месторождение там розовое, красное. Ну и кобальтовая тоже есть, но не такая ценная. Её очень ценят. Верманская шпинель очень ценится. В короне Российской империи очень долго все думали, что находится рубин. У нас в кремлёвском этом есть. А на самом деле это была красная шпинель. Вообще исторически раньше не отличали рубины от шпинелей. Очень много, где думали, что в украшениях царских находились рубины. На самом деле были шпины.»

Референс-видео по теме

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Spinel Stone; prices, colors, spinel vs ruby comparison & more!

Dominique Flux · 25:04 · 26 241 views

Наталья: «А вот про шпинели девочки рассказывают, явно дилеры. Ну вот вся инфа она в таком неразвлекательном формате)»

Transcript (533 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:00let's talk about spinels hey guys my

0:02name is Dominic flux and I am joined by

0:04fga gemologist Benedict and we are going

0:07to cover everything that you need to

0:08know about spanel because they come in a

0:10very wide range of color and we're going

0:13to talk about like the colors comparing

0:15them to different stones of similar

0:17colors you know red spanel versus red

0:20ruby the price points treatments all

0:22that good stuff so thanks for watching

0:24and let's jump into it

0:32and we love spinels we love spels spels

0:34are the best yeah all right so first off

0:38I thought we could look at maybe the

0:41wide range of color because they do have

0:43like unique colors like like Silvers and

0:46Grays very interesting colors of purple

0:48as well yeah so spinels will come in a

0:51really wide range of colors and

0:54saturation so you'll have all the pinks

0:56purples purple blue purple pink the Reds

1:01the the Reds will be very like Vivid

1:03they're going to be almost more red than

1:07what you could see in in rubies

1:10sometimes y sometimes they're just more

1:11of a pure red they're super crispy you

1:15can get them in h Grays also but like

1:19even usually in in Gray Stones like gray

1:22sapphires you'll always have some kind

1:25of like green undertone or purple

1:28undertone spels you can really have them

1:30in like these like Steely pure gray so

1:35these were extremely popular a few years

1:38ago they're still popular but they went

1:40a bit up in price so they're bit less

1:43interesting but for people who like

1:45neutral colors it's it's a great option

1:48yeah like I bet you if you liked

1:49peppered diamonds you would probably

1:51like this shade yeah for sure and then

1:54you have some blues you have like a more

1:57of a deeper teely kind of blue and you

2:02have the Cobalt spanel which is the most

2:04expensive and priced one with that is

2:08like really electric blue do you have

2:11any examples here we had one but we sold

2:14it a month ago and they're they're hard

2:17to find we've had it for a really long

2:20time it's it's really for like

2:22collectors like I don't even know if we

2:24want to replace it cuz cuz it's not it's

2:28collectors will want it usually they're

2:30going to be small they're going to be

2:32extremely expensive they're going to be

2:36sometimes kind of weirdly cut cuz they

2:38want to keep them them but they're super

2:40impressive they're like electric

2:43electric blue almost like an appetite or

2:46even more uh even more like you know

2:48those like blue Subarus you see on the

2:50street like the blue that's that's it's

2:54Subaru blue panels and so most of them

2:58come from Vietnam but we have some in

3:00Canada but they're oh co and what colors

3:03do you find in Canada the the electric

3:05blue the cobal blue but they're just too

3:08small to be cut maybe they'll find more

3:11but yeah so so these are the blues you

3:13can find yeah and like I really love

3:16like the pink tones they have a lot of

3:18pink tones and like wide range so like

3:20this is more of like um almost with a

3:22hint of like orange to it you know you

3:24have more purple pinks pastel pinks like

3:28it's yeah you have really

3:31bright like bright pink these ones too

3:35they're like kind of a reddish yeah very

3:40insane color they they they just glow

3:43they're just Absol because they have a

3:45similar refractive index as a sapphire I

3:48think that sometimes when people are

3:49looking for sapphires but don't

3:50necessarily have the price point but

3:52still want something just as beautiful a

3:54spanel is definitely a good option to go

3:55for because you like the colors are just

3:57so vivid it's also it's like it's not as

4:01hard as sappire but it's still an eight

4:03so it's it's good for engagement ring

4:06for rings that you'll wear every day

4:08they're pretty tough they're rarely

4:10treated they can heat treat them I mean

4:14it's since a few years they they've

4:15tried and they've made tests

4:17historically they were not heat treated

4:19but now some of them are but it's like a

4:22good natural option it's a fraction of

4:24the price of sapphires and the the

4:26colors are are beautiful yeah and I mean

4:30just like in terms of like the clarity

4:31as well I think they're pretty

4:33much well I me guess it depends on the

4:35quality right obviously dep stones are

4:38so nice that's why I'm like wow there's

4:41no inclusions there are inclusions I

4:43mean I have here little like you know up

4:46sometimes they can be a bit opalescent

4:48or more milky but when they're well cut

4:52and eye clean and and not included they

4:56have this like they have a very high

4:58luster so they're very like sharp

5:01they're really good awesome so now that

5:04we've touched about the colors I'd like

5:07to show you guys really like color

5:09comparisons in terms of like you know

5:12rubies versus spinels Sapphire versus

5:14spanel because you can see just like the

5:17the the

5:17range of colors that they hit yeah so

5:22here I have a tray that has some spels

5:26and some

5:28sapphires so great gray spinels here and

5:31gray Sapphire so it's it's it's a great

5:34option the red ones I mean you'll you'll

5:38make closeups but it's really hard to

5:40tell even for me these like are equal

5:44quality and all which ones is panel and

5:46which ones are Ruby can I see can I try

5:50yeah let me

5:53see oh she's taking it out for me too

5:56this is serious so these are the the

5:59rubies and spinels and you can guess try

6:02to guess which one's the Ruby and which

6:04one is the

6:10spinel okay so based on the color I'd

6:12actually say this one is probably the

6:13Ruby yes yay

6:18one but as you can see they're both very

6:22similar in color in like the glow they

6:25have mhm and the spinel is half the

6:29price of the Ruby so what are we looking

6:31at for the Ruby the Ruby's around it's

6:34$22,000 for the stone it's a 2 karat

6:36Stone and the spinel is slightly heavier

6:40so 2.36 and it's 12,000 yeah okay so

6:44it's literally half the price because

6:46okay I'm going to say this for rubies

6:48there's certain Stones like rubies

6:49emeralds alexandrites if you don't have

6:52a budget you know over let's say even 6

6:55or 7,000 I wouldn't consider them like

6:57ever really because you're going to end

6:59up with something that's heavily

7:00included because there are stones that

7:02you really have to you know buy a higher

7:05quality for like an engagement ring

7:07unless you want have something like

7:09mediocre you know like a very small

7:11Stone if if you're you have very

7:14delicate and you want a small Stone then

7:15that's fine but for for one for the like

7:19one karat price like one karat point

7:21it's it it's there's options well I

7:26don't I still like I still found I I

7:28made one recently on the one karat range

7:30and it was still I don't remember what I

7:32did I think it was around like 8,000

7:34there's other options there's options in

7:36other Stones like that that's it

7:38emeralds one carat they're super

7:41expensive if you want a nice quality but

7:43yeah you have you have other options all

7:45the time and spinel is a great option

7:48yes all right let's check out these

7:51purples so purples here well we have the

7:54lavender colors that are very trendy and

7:57popular right now this one's the

7:59Sapphire and this one's the spanel and

8:02this one is 1,400 and 600 mhm so have

8:08the price again there's even in so in

8:12sapphires if you watch the videos we

8:14made talked about the pat paracha

8:17Sapphires and spinel has also similar

8:21color has Pat paracha y carat weight

8:25they're about 1 Point around 1.5 karat

8:28this one's 1,000 this one's 10,000 yeah

8:30so it's a big price difference and they

8:32they look very very similar you guys

8:34they're very I came in asking her if it

8:36was um yeah and this one this one's also

8:39a sapphire so you have this panel in the

8:42middle and you can you you can tell it's

8:45it's the same color it's it's not the

8:47same value but if that's the color you

8:50want in sapphires you're looking at yeah

8:55you know $10,000 and more for one Kat

8:57Stone so it's a great great option yeah

9:02beautiful I love it and uh yeah so

9:05purples there's purple blue this

9:08is the spinel this is the sapphire spel

9:11is going to be 600 the sapphire is going

9:14to be two 2,500 mhm they're both they're

9:191.24 and 1.27 Kat so very close uh

9:23weights but yeah you're looking at least

9:27half the price of of sapphire

9:30yeah and in terms of like the pink ones

9:32as well yeah very similar in color same

9:35thing fraction of the price yeah this

9:37one is sapphire 1.43 Karat and 1.3 Karat

9:41and um Sapphire is the double of the

9:44price so

9:462200 and 1300

9:50yeah and I think also that spinels is

9:54kind of like secret that we cuz we had

9:57so we recently made a post

9:59on Instagram with new Fels and and

10:02Jewelers are like we love it but we also

10:05don't want people to know about it

10:08because know because they're they're so

10:10nice and and if people know about it the

10:13price are going to go up but this is

10:15like this is our secret for the people

10:18in the industry spinels like I don't

10:21know I know a lot of people who just

10:23wear spinels and CU When you know about

10:26gemstones you just learned that spinels

10:28are great mhm yeah absolutely spinels

10:31are great and they have a little bit of

10:33a wider range than like other Stones

10:35versus like turmalin I feel it's like

10:36Sapphire spanel turmalin they all have

10:39their own color palette so it's very

10:41nice yeah it is funny though how the the

10:45demand will drive the market

10:48price well the the gray spinels the I

10:52mean they use not even to cut them when

10:55I was in in Bangkok in 2017 I was

10:59learning how to cut gemstones and I went

11:01to have lunch with a supplier and I was

11:03telling him that I was on my way to buy

11:06synthetic stones to like practice how to

11:09cut and he's like no come to my office

11:11and he wanted to give me like reject you

11:13know like milky garnets or stuff and

11:16stuff that he wasn't going to cut that's

11:18just like in a drawer and he pulls this

11:21big bag of Grace panels and he's like oh

11:24well actually that sells now but you it

11:26would go in like the discard f and then

11:29it became super trendy and they cut them

11:31and now they're they're similar price

11:34like for gray Stones they're never that

11:37the most expensive but they're similar

11:40to to some Sapphires and and

11:44because it just became really popular

11:47yeah very cool so yeah it's it's all

11:51about supply and

11:53demand all right now that we touched on

11:55colors let's touch on price points and

11:57we're going to go over all the different

11:58colors so make sure you stay

12:06tuned um so we're going to start with

12:08the red

12:09spanel so we're approximately 1 karat

12:13range I'm going to give you some price

12:16in red spanel and in Ruby so you guys

12:19can kind of compare so the one karat red

12:24spinel is going to be maybe like a

12:26really I'm always talking really high

12:28quality so very like eye clean good

12:30color good cut it's going to be maybe

12:333,000 4,000 per carrot if you go for the

12:38same in Ruby so heat treated will be

12:43around

12:446,000 and no heat will

12:48be can be around

12:5020K y you know your no heat Ruby might

12:55not look as good as a spinel yeah

12:59cuz that's that's how rubies are they're

13:02usually a little darker or more included

13:05not as crispy so I'm not rubies are

13:08great they're a great investment if they

13:10no heat and all but if that's like the

13:12red you like maybe you won't even fall

13:14in love with the Ruby maybe you'll just

13:17want to spinel Y and you can also you

13:19have like I guess for larger sizes it it

13:23it has a even bigger impact like in the

13:27purple in the Grays in the pink maybe

13:30not as much but for for red like a ruby

13:33like a pink sapphire 4 karat 2 karat

13:36there there's a big difference but not

13:39as much as a 2 Karat and a 4 karat Ruby

13:42so if you're looking at not even the

13:43same you know it's not like it's so the

13:47price per carrot becomes exponential and

13:49the weight also adds up but so you're

13:53not so if you want bigger Stone I think

13:55Fels will be even more of a different

13:59then for one carat and I find that when

14:02I'm looking at the spels they have

14:04almost a slight like orange undertone a

14:07lot of them which I really don't mind

14:09one has some some orange also it's like

14:12a warmer red rubies when they have this

14:16orange undertone they lose a lot of

14:18value cuz they're they kind of tend to

14:20look more brownish yeah if you can smash

14:22that like button subscribe it means more

14:25than the world to us it helps these

14:26small videos perform so thank you but in

14:29spels it's it's just like yeah and it's

14:34I mean it's I mean you can compare at to

14:38any extent but like they're they have

14:39just so much more life because they're a

14:41little bit brighter than than the rubies

14:43the rubies has a little bit more of like

14:44a blood color yeah all right and then so

14:49for pink see there's all different

14:53shades of pink but for again a one karat

14:57pink spanel is going to be 26 00 per

15:00carot think sa far is going to be maybe

15:02I would say approximately similar if

15:06it's heat treated in the one karat range

15:08not in the 2 Karat and more and but for

15:11no heat it it might set you back

15:144,000,000 a carat so if if we're in

15:19light pink for for darker pink the price

15:22for the spinal will go up and the price

15:23for the sappire too but I think light

15:25pink spinel sappire if the sappire is

15:28heat treated it's going to be a similar

15:30price range and then so purple panel so

15:35this is a big one but you have that's a

15:38saf but all type of shade so again more

15:42more blue more purple so Sapphire is

15:46going to be around 1,500 a carat and the

15:50sapphire will be at least the double no

15:53it's great the entire ranges that you

15:54can have it's a very feminine Stone all

15:56the different shades of pink yeah

15:59and in terms of um this also black we

16:02didn't touch on black really yeah black

16:05it's it's the same I mean as amst train

16:09it's it's very it's very common it's

16:11usually going to be like byproduct of

16:14other things that going like this is

16:16this is like um one almost one just over

16:19one karat and it's like

16:21$28 it's not expensive people will buy

16:24usually Black Diamond black spanel or

16:26black sapphire I personally prefer black

16:29spanel with black sapphire I prefer

16:31black spinel black black diamonds are

16:34like they have this like gray undertone

16:36or this like a met

16:38metallic luster this to me is more black

16:41this is like jet black yeah it's like

16:43onx but it's harder than onx it's got

16:46more luster we prefer carrying this and

16:49we didn't talk also about the cobal glue

16:52spel sappire not sappire Cobble blue

16:55spels because the pric is this is like

16:58for specialy St very intense collectors

17:01and there's like the price are just too

17:04crazy and they're never big so I I I

17:07don't I couldn't even tell you the price

17:09for a one carat they're always going to

17:10be 20 pointers stuff like that so but

17:13they're very very expensive they're the

17:15most expensive yeah are we talking like

17:18Alexandro prices or more more more oh W

17:21okay more more interesting I haven't

17:23seen one in person

17:25so very cool okay so those are the

17:28prices for very nice Stones because

17:30Benedict only has nice stones but

17:33obviously you know if you're going down

17:35in in Clarity in like sometimes there a

17:39little bit milkiness in in spinels

17:41obviously the price points are going to

17:42go down so what are the common things

17:44that you'll see in lower quality Stones

17:46they're going to be more included so

17:49like more milky

17:51or some more commercial good maybe

17:54little chips on the sides are not as

17:57well cut on honestly I think it's a

17:59stone that it's already not so expensive

18:03when it's nice I think it's worth

18:07investing in in cuz I would get like a

18:10nice spanel for the price of like a

18:12commercial grade Sapphire I would get

18:15the nice spinel I wouldn't get the

18:17commercial grade spinel but for sure the

18:20prices go down it's like you see the

18:22black spinel they're they're yeah

18:24they're basically worth nothing they're

18:26worth the The Cutting and the

18:27manufacturing they not worth the

18:30material but other than that some might

18:32be like opalescent like with the

18:35milkiness that can be fun and another

18:38thing is that the inclusions in natural

18:42Fels they're in the actual shape of how

18:45they grow y so you'll see little octron

18:49just floating in your stone under the

18:51microscope or under the loop mm so even

18:54the inclusions are fun yeah yeah and

18:58yeah so sometimes you can have a little

19:00Cloud sometimes you can have just like

19:03overall milkiness but I think it's worth

19:06investing on it a nice I mean yeah

19:08always I think so for sure so in terms

19:13of the origin spinels come a little bit

19:15from all around the world are there some

19:17main hubs that have main colors or

19:20anything notable yes there's Burma that

19:24has those like really bright so Reds and

19:27pink Tanzania will have some of the

19:30Grays the pink and the purple you'll

19:34have them in Sri Lanka they have spels

19:37they have spels so I said Tanzania Burma

19:40Vietnam yep there's a lot of producing

19:43countries but I would say the

19:45most the I mean Burma is going to have

19:50the it's kind of like Colombian emeralds

19:52or ber Ruby they're going to be the

19:55nicest one and they they tend to produce

19:58very very high quality but Tanzania I've

20:00seen I mean these ones this is from

20:02Tanzania this is from Burma so it's very

20:06similar material but I think burmes kind

20:10kind of come with a premium okay and are

20:13any of them ethically sourced I think

20:15there have some mines in Vietnam

20:17probably yeah yeah yeah okay interesting

20:25awesome let's go into the synthetics and

20:28IM ations because obviously this is a

20:30very beautiful gemstone there are always

20:32going to be imitations on the market so

20:35don't get duped I would say like on the

20:38natural side of stones there's no

20:42imitation more maybe like confusion cuz

20:45you're not going to try to imitate a

20:49spinel with a ruby even though but so

20:52but it could be confused with some

20:54garnets some talin can have similar

20:57colors

20:59it's not quite the color of ametist but

21:01are you going to say that you know

21:03Sapphire is an imitation of spel to me

21:05it's it's more like confusion and

21:08similar similar material so they are

21:10synthetics yeah there's synthetic spinel

21:13it's been used for quite quite some time

21:16now they do the very crazy blue they do

21:20a lot of light blue they'll do a lot of

21:23colors that sometimes you think you have

21:25a synthetic and it's it's spel do some

21:28duets with spanel it's pretty common but

21:32it's very easy to

21:35identify okay yeah okay it's it has a

21:38different refractive index when you put

21:40it under the polariscope you have some

21:44like crazy reaction there's like a lot

21:46of things that you can do it's it's

21:49fairly easy to detect but there's a lot

21:51of a color change synthetic spels that's

21:54very common oh yeah you'll see that for

21:56like Alexandri imitations but I mean

21:59look anytime you're buying like color

22:01change and there synthetics I feel like

22:02you can tell right away because the

22:04colors are just too

22:06intense and they change in like a weird

22:08way like usually I found that when you

22:11put you have to really be under

22:13incandescent and versus natural daylight

22:17yeah the change will change but in these

22:20synthetics they're always kind of

22:21changing like all the time I don't know

22:23if you've noticed that like they're

22:25always kind of in between so I don't

22:29know but always rely on gemologist

22:37okay all right so we're going to finish

22:39off with some treatments because like a

22:42lot of gemstones there are treatments

22:43there are few for spinel like a little

22:45bit of heating but there is also

22:48sometimes they do fracture filling with

22:50the commercial grade not so much for

22:53durability but more for the overall look

22:56so they'll oil them or put resin or and

22:59I'm guessing it's color to enhance the

23:01color mostly the clarity oh the clarity

23:04yeah yeah the clarity to just fill

23:07fractures and make the cracks well

23:10there's like a

23:11range but the the range is not usually

23:16disclosed so they'll just say like it's

23:18it's filled but let's say for emeralds

23:21you have oil but you can say it's minor

23:23oil it's moderate it's heavily oiled you

23:26have different so so rubies it can be

23:28worth nothing but it can also be like

23:31they will usually kind of process

23:33everything in some kind of filling so if

23:36there's no cavities then it doesn't come

23:38in but there's different grade it

23:40doesn't mean that it doesn't mean that

23:43it's like all of that it just depends on

23:45how much fractures there's there in the

23:48stone and that reaches the surface but

23:51also fairly easily um detectable with

23:54the microscope you'll see bubbles or

23:56you'll see the difference

23:59in ler on the surface that's how you see

24:02to what extent it it was filled okay cuz

24:06sometimes they're just like even in in

24:09very expensive ruby you'll just have

24:11like traces cuz if there's a cavity then

24:14it just kind of went there but it didn't

24:16go inside all the way in

24:19okay all right guys if you guys have any

24:22questions or comments do leave them down

24:24below if you guys are looking for a

24:26custom engagement ring or to design

24:28something spel do send me a DM my links

24:30are down below and uh thank you so much

24:32for doing this with us we'll see you

24:34next time bye

YTUVI-005 · Изумруд

99% изумрудов с маслом. Colombia vs Zambia. Как читать treatment-строку сертификата.

Полный idea-файл (концепт, hook, b-roll, references)

Изумруд — трещины, облагораживание, сертификация

Concept

Изумруд — самый «проблемный» из большой четвёрки (ruby/sapphire/emerald/diamond). Почти 100% камней на рынке облагорожены маслом/смолой, и зритель должен понимать, что это норма, а не обман — если только это корректно указано в сертификате. Делаем выпуск, в котором честно объясняем: как живёт реальный изумруд, что означают уровни обработки (minor/moderate/significant), почему колумбийский Muzo/Chivor дороже замбийского, и как не купить «подсохший» камень, где масло уже ушло.

> ⚠️ Depth status: На kickoff-встрече 2026-04-21 Наталья только кратко коснулась изумруда — «любимейший камень всех времён», «отдельно изумруд, а отдельно все бериллы». Глубокий материал (конкретные месторождения, легенды, insider-истории, индекс цен) собирается отдельной prep-сессией под этот выпуск. Пока в файле — теоретическая основа.

Structure (канальная формула)

1. Hook — «Почти каждый изумруд в мире облагорожен. И это нормально. Но только если написано в сертификате.»

2. Geology — берилл Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ + Cr/V, ключевые месторождения: Colombia (Muzo, Chivor, Coscuez), Zambia (Kagem), Brazil, Afghanistan, Ethiopia.

3. Свойства — jardin (включения-«сад»), слабая прочность на скол, показатель преломления, фильтр Chelsea (история).

4. Как определяют месторождение — Colombia vs Zambia по включениям, trace elements (LA-ICP-MS) и типу матрицы.

5. Облагораживание — cedar oil (классика), Opticon/Araldite (полимеры), как это маркируют (F1/F2/F3, minor/moderate/significant).

6. Рынок / аукционы — Rockefeller Emerald, Colombian no-oil ультра-премиум, как «unoiled» работает на цену.

7. Как читать сертификат — уровень обработки, тип наполнителя, последствия (камень может «подсохнуть» и трещины станут видны).

8. Вынос — что спрашивать у продавца (дата re-oiling, лабораторный отчёт), кого смотреть/читать.

Key Points

Jardin — не дефект, а identity изумруда.
Masło/смола — стандартная практика, но обязана быть раскрыта в сертификате.
«Unoiled emerald» с лабораторным подтверждением = резкая премия к цене.
Колумбийские изумруды — эталон цвета, у Zambia — чище, но цвет холоднее.
Re-oiling — нормальная сервисная процедура у ювелира.

Hook Ideas

«99% изумрудов в мире — с маслом. Вот почему это нормально.»
«Камень, который сохнет. И о чём не скажет вам продавец.»
«Колумбия или Замбия — где реально растёт лучший изумруд?»

B-Roll / Visuals

Макро: колумбийский vs замбийский изумруд, видно «jardin»
Схема: масло в трещине под УФ-светом (до/после)
Страница сертификата с выделенной строкой Treatment: F1/F2/F3
Карта: Muzo, Chivor, Coscuez, Kagem
Кейс Rockefeller Emerald (архивные фото / fair-use)

Открытые вопросы / research

Найти реальный образец до/после re-oiling для съёмки
Согласовать комментарий геммолога про тонкие отличия Chelsea-фильтра
Подготовить карточку-чеклист «что спрашивать при покупке изумруда»

References

GRS, SSEF, Gübelin — emerald treatment classification
Rockefeller Emerald auction record
Muzo Emerald Company — material о колумбийских шахтах

💬 Цитаты из встречи

17:39 · Наталья«Ещё и замород можно было бы, потому что это просто любимейший камень всех времён и народов. Может быть, даже перила это как -то сильно широко будет, потому что среди оставшихся перилов ничего такого... Ну аквамарин любят из Санта -Марии. Ну всё остальное там ничего такого. Бигспит, красный перил. Ну я бы это всё отдельно... Всё, значит, отдельно изумруд, а отдельно все перилы, кроме изумруда. Вот.»

Референс-видео по теме

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Three Precious Gems: Rubies, Emeralds, Sapphires

JTV · 46:47 · 1 329 228 views

Наталья: «А вот тут JTV — это прямо Ювелирочка в США (большой телемагазин)»

Transcript (1009 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:04rubies sapphires and emeralds they are

0:08the Holy Trinity of the most precious

0:09colored gemstones on earth the radiant

0:12hues of red green and blue are the

0:15finest Mother Nature has to offer for

0:17thousands of years pharaohs and

0:19Emperor's kings and queens have all

0:21coveted these beautiful lustrous gems

0:24the royalty the Maharajah's in India the

0:27royal families in England these people

0:29have always collected the gemstones

0:31because it was not just a sign of wealth

0:33they considered it a sign of power these

0:36three gemstones are true miracles of

0:38nature and are rarer even than diamonds

0:40they're timeless beauty inspires love

0:43passion and loyalty and with proper care

0:46their durability ensures that they can

0:49be handed down from generation to

0:51generation join us as we travel to

0:53remote mining towns visit the world's

0:56finest gem cutters and discover the

0:58secret world of these three precious

1:01gems

1:31throughout the ages rubies sapphires and

1:35emeralds have been coveted by mankind

1:37along with diamonds they are the

1:40ultimate symbols of wealth power and

1:42prestige during the Middle Ages they

1:45were known as the cardinal gems for

1:47their extensive use in the clergies most

1:49precious ceremonial objects crucifixes

1:52rings and amulets all bore these gems as

1:55symbols of virtue and piety over the

1:58centuries the big stones are probably

2:01the emerald ruby sapphire and diamond

2:03mostly its due to their the fact that

2:06they come out of the earth or a natural

2:08product and and they possess a certain

2:12amount of beauty rubies sapphires and

2:15emeralds are highly valued for three

2:17reasons one they are durable they are

2:21among the hardest substances found on

2:23earth - they are rare found in such

2:27limited amounts that throughout history

2:29only the very wealthy have been able to

2:31afford them and three they are beautiful

2:35the most notable trait of any gemstone

2:37is its color and no color is as vibrant

2:41or as vivid as the red hue that emanates

2:44from a ruby like flames from a fire

2:46rubies are considered to be by some to

2:51be the most valuable gem of all and it's

2:57probably because it is so rare and it is

3:03the such a striking color for much of

3:07recorded history rubies were valued more

3:10highly than diamonds they look to the

3:14heavens there and they saw the Sun and

3:16they attributed a ruby to the Sun and in

3:19India ruby is called Raja Raja the king

3:21of gems rubies were also thought to help

3:24with a range of physical ailments Ruby

3:27for example is has been associated with

3:29blood for

3:31thousands of years redstone's color

3:34blood were very often connected to

3:36therapeutic beliefs and and cures for

3:40various things early civilizations

3:43believe the stones would restore youth

3:44and vitality have rubbed on the skin and

3:47if worn into battle as some brave

3:49warriors did they were thought to bestow

3:52invulnerability once rubies were

3:55introduced to Europe in the early Middle

3:57Ages royal families clamor to own as

3:59many of the red gems as they could but

4:02until the 18th century all red gems were

4:05considered rubies thousands of years ago

4:07they had no way to identify gemstone

4:09otherwise by its color so if it was red

4:11it was a ruby it's green it's an emerald

4:14if it's blue

4:15it's a sapphire we didn't they didn't

4:17know about all the different minerals

4:19red spinel and red garnet were often

4:21mistaken for rubies in fact it wasn't

4:24until 1783 the chemical differences

4:27between the gems were discovered the

4:29most famous case of mistaken identity is

4:31of the black Prince's ruby in the

4:35British crown jewels and one of the

4:38Crown's has a very large egg size red

4:44stone that was called the black prince

4:46ruby wars were fought for this Ruby

4:49except it wasn't a ruby when the gem was

4:53I examined Gemological II for the first

4:57time in its history by the gem testing

4:59laboratory in London they took this Ruby

5:04they discovered it is not Ruby it is red

5:07spinel nevertheless the 170 carrot gem

5:11still proudly rests on the cross pattée

5:14of England's Imperial state crown

5:17roofies weren't the only gemstones

5:20believed to have been possessed of

5:21magical powers blue sapphires once

5:24symbolized divine favor purity and

5:27wisdom making them the favorite gemstone

5:30of religious leaders and Kings you know

5:33they always attributed power to the

5:35gemstones you know they they just felt

5:36that these had an influence over

5:38people's lives to to bring success to

5:41them and to kind of shun negativity so

5:43that's why they collected a lot of them

5:45in ancient India people believed the

5:48earth rested upon a giant sapphire whose

5:50Ray's colored the sky a brilliant blue

5:53sapphire is that blue of the ocean or of

5:56this of the heavens you know these these

5:59gemstones have these properties that are

6:01reminiscent of other aspects of nature

6:04while sapphires brought wisdom emeralds

6:07were thought to give the most desired

6:09gift of all life five thousand years ago

6:12the Egyptians discovered emeralds in the

6:15eastern mountains bordering the Red Sea

6:17they valued emeralds not only for their

6:19beauty but also as a source of eternal

6:22youth green gems were often associated

6:25with rebirth regrowth faithfulness

6:30Egyptian pharaohs were entombed with

6:33emeralds believing the gems would keep

6:35them young in the afterlife

6:37any places you can find emeralds they

6:38they they would have definitely been

6:40highly highly prized when Spanish

6:43conquistadors reached the new world in

6:45search of gold they were met by Incans

6:47heavily adorned with emeralds and other

6:49gems emeralds were sacred to the Incans

6:52the natives told the story about Indian

6:58king who was rich beyond belief and who

7:02used to make offerings into a lake his

7:06body was naked covered by turpentine and

7:10that covered by layers of gold dust and

7:14he would go to the lake and throw

7:16emeralds into the lake the story was

7:19just a legend but when the conquistadors

7:22returned to Spain they brought back so

7:24many emeralds

7:25their value plummeted the emeralds that

7:28came into to Spain in the in the 16th

7:36century they came in such great

7:38quantities that the price dropped for

7:41them

7:42the Spanish traded their newfound

7:43emeralds in India where they were in

7:45great demand by the Mughal Empire in the

7:48great period of the Maharajah's in the

7:51mogul period the finest gems found

7:56anywhere on earth found their ways to

8:00the Mogul ports mogul rulers in India

8:03and they would be bedecked with jewels

8:05they'd have you know their crowns honor

8:07their their top hats their with all

8:10kinds of rubies and sapphires and

8:12diamonds most of today's priceless

8:14rubies emeralds and sapphires are in the

8:17hands of the world's royal families and

8:19famous museums but these days it's not

8:22just royalty who own all the gems in

8:24smaller sizes almost anyone can acquire

8:28one of these coveted stones but to

8:30appreciate their beauty

8:31it takes an understanding of how they

8:34form

8:40gemstones form deep down inside the

8:43earth where magmatic and metamorphic

8:45processes take billions of years to

8:47shape them into crystals

8:48although rubies and sapphires look

8:51different they're essentially the same

8:53as magma cools within the Earth's crust

8:56aluminum and oxygen atoms crystallize to

8:59form clear corundum which is the base

9:01mineral for both gems rubies and

9:04sapphires of the same gemstone

9:06they're both corundum the only

9:09difference is the colouring agent trace

9:12amounts of iron and titanium makes

9:14sapphires blue and chromium makes rubies

9:16red but there can be several other

9:19colors as well

9:20sapphire can also be purple yellow pink

9:24can be orangey pink can be a whole

9:28variety of different mixtures rubies and

9:32sapphires are not only pretty they are

9:34also extremely durable on the Mohs scale

9:37of hardness corundum is a 9 second only

9:40to diamonds at 10 but the scale is

9:43relative diamonds are much harder than

9:45rubies and sapphires or any other

9:47natural substance known but rubies and

9:51sapphires are much harder than emeralds

9:53which have a hardness of 7 to 8 the

9:56durability of a gemstone is a direct

9:58result of how it forms the more violent

10:01the formation the more likely a gemstone

10:03will have inclusions and fractures and

10:05in some cases make the stone more

10:08brittle all colored gems fall into one

10:10of three formation categories in

10:13category 1 those gems

10:15form under the gentlest of geologic

10:18conditions then this category 2 they

10:21form under more difficult geologic

10:25conditions sapphires and rubies as

10:27products of volcanic activity are

10:29category 2 gemstones it's not uncommon

10:33to see inclusions within their crystal

10:34structures emeralds however fall under

10:37category 3 category three gemstones form

10:42under the most violent geologic

10:45conditions

10:46and because of the violent conditions

10:49under which they form they are more

10:51prone to have cracks and other features

10:56that are readily visible to the naked

10:58eye in most cases and mold is a classic

11:01example of this Emeralds are formed

11:04during intense tectonic activity for

11:06example when the Earth's crust folds and

11:09buckles to form a mountain range when

11:11this happens trace amounts of chromium

11:13or vanadium bond with the clear barrel

11:16silicate creating beautiful green

11:18crystals but when a mountain range is

11:21created a multitude of minerals are

11:23forced to mix together some of these

11:25minerals get inside the Emerald as it

11:27forms creating tiny but numerous

11:30inclusions emeralds have so many

11:32inclusions normally that a poetic way to

11:35define the inclusions is by calling them

11:39an emerald garden and an emerald garden

11:42may be formed by included crystals blast

11:45fractures which are also common within

11:48emeralds and in the gem trade are called

11:51feathers inclusions visible to the naked

11:53eye are accepted in emeralds which have

11:56the most inclusions of all gemstones

11:57those inclusions can also be considered

12:00the emeralds birthmarks identifying

12:02where it was formed it is possible to

12:05tell the origin of the emerald by

12:07looking at the inclusions the emeralds

12:12from Africa have tremolite needles which

12:19are an unfilled crystal the emeralds

12:24from Brazil may have biotite so all

12:28those are identifiers of origin and

12:34identifiers that the MLS actually a

12:37natural one it's virtually impossible to

12:39find an emerald without some internal

12:41defect but with all gemstones the higher

12:44the clarity the higher the value if you

12:47find an emerald for example that's

12:49typically included that is fairly free

12:53of inclusions well that's a very rare

12:54thing and the stunt would be quite

12:56valuable in rare cases specific

12:58inclusions inside an emerald will create

13:00desirable patterns raising the value

13:03exponentially these are called Trump

13:06Ichi emeralds and are only found in one

13:09small mountainous region of Colombia at

13:12repeat emerald is an emerald that has

13:18inside some pattern that resembles the

13:23spokes of a wheel and the card will

13:28pattern is formed by inclusions of

13:31graphite that follow planes within the

13:35emeralds the best for pg emeralds are

13:38deep green and have well-defined rays

13:40that meet perfectly in the center most

13:42people heard of it most Jim collectors

13:45or gemologist have never really seen it

13:47something that you open up your book on

13:49geology and there's the only true peach

13:51you've ever seen so to actually

13:53experience holding one and seeing one is

13:54amazing rubies and sapphires can also

13:57contain inclusions that result in rare

13:59desirable patterns those needles will

14:03produce shining lines of light that have

14:09a star pattern and you will obtain star

14:13rubies and a star sapphire the finest

14:16colors and most expensive star gems tend

14:19to come from India Sri Lanka and Burma

14:21color differences will affect the star

14:24will be your sapphire the same way they

14:25will affect the faceted ruby or sapphire

14:31or a regular cabochon but the intensity

14:35of the star on top of that

14:38has to be added to the mix and very few

14:41people I know can afford a star ruby or

14:44a star sapphire that is truly

14:47transparent with an incredible color

14:49with an incredible star because they are

14:52so incredibly rare if you can have a

14:54stone that has a perfect star in the

14:56center it's priceless literally

14:59priceless the largest blue sapphire ever

15:01found is the star of india unearthed in

15:04sri lanka more than 300 years ago it

15:07weighs a massive 563 carats six milky

15:11Ray's point outwards from the center

15:13inside a deep blue dome today it's in

15:17the collection of the Museum of Natural

15:18History in New York City gemstones of

15:22such elegance are extremely rare but one

15:25thing is for sure wherever gems are

15:27found there are people who will spend

15:29their lives digging them out so the rest

15:31of us can enjoy them gemstones are found

15:39in geological pockets all over the world

15:41usually in very remote and rugged

15:43locations sapphires come from Sri Lanka

15:47India and Burma to name a few places but

15:50the largest sapphire field in the world

15:52is in central Queensland Australia the

15:56Aniki field covers an area of almost 350

15:59square miles since the 1870s dark blue

16:02sapphires have been found here but green

16:05yellow and even pink varieties are also

16:08common 50 million years ago massive

16:11volcanic activity rained down corundum

16:13crystals and other gem bearing rock

16:15across the area on the line just on the

16:18Tropic of Capricorn here it seems that

16:20the conditions away down the Earth's

16:22mantle when these when these volcanoes

16:24were exploding had the exactly the right

16:26ingredients for conditions in the rock

16:28to form the support over time more

16:31layers of volcanic Durden

16:33covered the wash the layer of ancient

16:35gravel where the sapphires are found

16:37Peter Brown lives in the township of

16:40ruby vale where he's been mining Aniki

16:42sapphires for over 30 years

16:45iseman the decomposed granite we've got

16:48a layer of gravel and rocks and then we

16:52go up to sandy layers and that here this

16:54riverbed where ancient River be able to

16:56lay down something like 15 million years

16:58ago you can imagine the sapphires or

17:00blasted air the volcanoes dumped on the

17:03surrounding landscape with a few

17:04kilometres around here and then with

17:06these massive rains washed into these

17:09valleys and then charged down these

17:12valleys are some more like big big mud

17:15flows with rocks and gravel sort of like

17:18you see coming out of a concrete mixer

17:20like more gravelly sort of wash and the

17:22heavy sapphires and iron stone get

17:25caught up and we're looking for those

17:27rich little areas the mining process is

17:30hard work but fortunes have been made

17:32out here I mean they have to clean over

17:34after a big dam for one day just to go

17:37spec in what we call walk around looking

17:39on the ground and just picked up a 40

17:41carat rough on you go out there and just

17:44wander around the bush and you can have

17:46a chance of picking up a stone or they

17:48say you know or come to the Sapphire

17:50future could stub your toe on a fortune

17:51in another part of the Aniki field Ray

17:54Richardson runs one of the few

17:55commercial mining operations we've been

17:58mining this area for about three years

18:01we done extensive drilling through this

18:04new area and found this new deposit of

18:06sapphires here sapphires are not

18:09typically found in a host rock like

18:10diamonds they are loose and occur

18:13randomly once found they need to be

18:16separated from other minerals in mining

18:18operations like Richardson's excavators

18:21dig down to the wash and remove the gem

18:23bearing dirt then it's transported to

18:26the wash plant for closer inspection

18:27goes through the procedure of washing it

18:30and goes through a trauma which sizes

18:32the material we only wash up to 15

18:37millimeters over that because in this

18:39area there's not a lot of big sapphire

18:41so the rest of its discharged absolutely

18:44trommel and then inside the trommel it's

18:47all scrubbed and Holly water pressure

18:49hits it him there and cleans it all up

18:50and from there goes through the pulse

18:52eiders and that's what catches the

18:55sapphires the sapphires are collected in

18:57buckets which Ray takes home for sorting

18:59with a magnetic separator and as the

19:02material travels at along the shuttle

19:04conveyor belt the join Stein sticks to

19:06it and gets dragged back underneath and

19:08the sapphires and any other material

19:10ports and stuff like that goes forwards

19:13course fault into the front bucket the

19:15rough sapphires are separated by hand

19:17from any other materials and then

19:19further sorted for size and color then

19:22it's off to Bangkok for cutting we cut

19:25them into eight or ten different shapes

19:27and sizes emerald cut I get lucky oval

19:32round princess square trilliant first

19:37any shape and in all the sizes from ten

19:40millimeters up to six or eight

19:41millimeters so all shapes all sizes once

19:45the stones are cut they're calibrated

19:46for size and sent to jewelers around the

19:49world

19:51Aniki may be the largest sapphire field

19:54in the world but it's no longer the most

19:56prolific the majority of high-quality

19:58blue and fancy colored sapphires are now

20:01being discovered in even more exotic

20:03locations the main supplier sapphires in

20:07the world at the moment are coming from

20:08places like Madagascar are very bright

20:11bright blue and very well sought after

20:14on the market in 1998 significant

20:17deposits of high-quality corundum were

20:20found in the town of Allah cacao the

20:22discovery sparked a mining frenzy

20:24swelling the population from 40 people

20:27to thousands of hopeful prospectors the

20:30African island is only 225,000 square

20:33miles but it's a gemologist dream come

20:36true Madagascar is like one of these

20:38great treasure troves that has really

20:40hit the scene in the last decade

20:42producing new gemstone after new

20:45gemstone located on the gem saturated

20:48mozambique orogenic belt

20:50emeralds garnets tourmaline x' crystal

20:53barrels alexandrite x' aquamarines and

20:56sapphires are all found here but the

20:59most recent discovery was in 2001 when

21:02rubies were found in the sprawling

21:04shanty town of more manga so you tend to

21:06have rubies found in in places that are

21:09associated with mountain chains so the

21:12kinds of places that rubies are mined

21:15are often for quite inhospitable that

21:19the environment is difficult here mining

21:25methods are rudimentary at best hand

21:27digging shafts and panning in the

21:29streams is as technical as it gets but

21:32it means everyone rich or poor can join

21:35in you see these people worked so hard

21:38digging in there with primitive tools

21:40and this is the way it is it's the same

21:42process now as it was thousands of years

21:45ago everywhere in between

21:47the same process of these groups of

21:51people in there digging in these little

21:53pits in these mining areas and hopefully

21:55finding something not so easy it's not

21:59mechanized in the same way as diamond

22:01mining or summer gold mining it's still

22:05a hit and miss you could be 10 feet off

22:09you could be 6 feet off and not even

22:12find the vein and it's very risky and so

22:17it takes a lot of work on the muddy

22:19banks of streams locals work in small

22:21teams to collect and pan through buckets

22:23of Ruby rich dirt nearby men are digging

22:27holes 8 feet down and 2 feet wide when

22:30they reach the wash level they dig the

22:33dirt out laterally with picks and

22:34shovels it's tough work for hopes of a

22:37big payoff rough stones are cleaned and

22:41brought into the town where the town's

22:42folk lend a hand sorting them into piles

22:44of color and size Malagasy rubies tend

22:47to be purplish red to very dark red and

22:50are generally quite small however some

22:53areas have produced rough transparent

22:55crystals yielding faceted pieces as

22:57large as 12 carats

22:59these specimens usually contain

23:01inclusions of zircon or root till find

23:04quality Ruby in large sizes is very hard

23:06to come by in such a gem rich area it's

23:09a wonder there are no large commercial

23:11operations but the terrain discourages

23:14any large machinery from being brought

23:16in Madagascar is really rough it's

23:20really rough and when people think rough

23:22this is like really rugged to go there

23:25to get to more manga from the capital of

23:28a ton on areevo it's a day of driving

23:31followed by a full day of bushwhacking

23:33through the dense jungle these stones by

23:36and large come from very remote and

23:38exotic areas places like the Andes

23:41Mountains in South America and Colombia

23:44Madagascar Mozambique Burma Sri Lanka

23:47they're very remote a lot of times in a

23:50jungle region foreign gem dealers who

23:53come to Madagascar do not venture into

23:55the remote mining towns instead they

23:59work from trading Hut's that are

24:00established in major townships like on

24:02De La Mina miners from more manga and

24:05other boom towns trek in and out daily

24:08trading gems for cash but Madagascar

24:12isn't the only country blessed with such

24:14a dizzying array of treasures tucked

24:16away in the hills of eastern Brazil lies

24:19the bustling town of Nova era mining for

24:22emeralds began here in the 1960s with no

24:25signs of slowing down

24:26I've been in the mines in Brazil that

24:29emerald mines in Brazil we're seeing the

24:32schist come out of the ground the dirt

24:34coming out of the ground and you see

24:36emerald crystals this is just like fresh

24:39out of the ground like that it's pretty

24:40amazing

24:41Antonio Raimundo dos Santos works a mine

24:43outside Nova era

24:45it's a typical setup workers are lowered

24:48down a narrow shaft on a makeshift

24:50wooden seat 300 feet below a low ceiling

24:53tunnel fitted with cart tracks awaits

24:55light bulbs are strung along one side to

24:58provide light for the worker

24:59whoo tamp sticks of dynamite into the

25:01walls it's muddy dark and dangerous we

25:05find the veins then we detonate them and

25:08after you finish detonating them you

25:10check to see if there is anything and if

25:13there is the guys gather them and bring

25:15them up here up on the surface other

25:18workers winch cauldrons of dirt up from

25:20below and empty them onto the ground

25:22rocks are divided up by size for sorting

25:25it's extremely physical work but when a

25:28330 carat rough emerald like this one is

25:31unearthed fatigue gives way to

25:32jubilation all the guys get really

25:36excited holy Mary it is such a joy to

25:39everybody all the workers mainly the

25:41owner he gets really excited when he can

25:44get it it is such a joy to use it is

25:46victory along the outskirts of Nova era

25:49the mine also employs people to pan for

25:52emeralds I find a lot today it is hard

26:03work to keep bending down and

26:05straightening up at night it is not fun

26:07the rough crystals are collected and

26:09transported to towns such as Nova era

26:11for inspection grading and cutting like

26:18diamonds rubies sapphires and emeralds

26:20are graded on the four C's color clarity

26:23cut and carat weight but unlike diamonds

26:27there's only one C that really counts

26:29color in the world of colored stones

26:32color is the most important thing so if

26:38you have a ruby or an emerald whatever

26:42that is exceptional color that's the

26:48most important thing and other factors

26:50become less important gemstones come in

26:53every color of the spectrum but rubies

26:56sapphires and emeralds have set the

26:58standard for the very best hues of red

27:00blue and green being able to see a

27:03slight difference in shade it for

27:06instance in a in a Burma Ruby can make

27:08the difference between a ruby that's

27:10$500 a carat or $5,000 a carat

27:13everything else is equal and subtle

27:16shades are worth a great deal of money

27:19because Mother Earth doesn't make that

27:21shade of color combined with that

27:23clarity combined with that size very

27:26often so it's a it's a it's an indicator

27:28of rarity and it really indicates the

27:31value of the gemstone colors everything

27:32in colored stones when devaluating color

27:35there are three things to consider hue

27:38tone and saturation with gems or with

27:42anything that we judge color with we're

27:44judging hue which is red and we're

27:47judging tone which is in the gem world

27:50is created from 1 to 10 so going from

27:53basically a light light almost colorless

27:56to a dark almost black and Gray's in

27:59between and then we have saturation and

28:01the saturation would be the amount of of

28:04actual color that exists to the average

28:07person one emerald might look the same

28:09as the next but in the eyes of a gem

28:12connoisseur the slightest degree of

28:14contrast in tone or saturation can alter

28:17the gems value dramatically it really is

28:20one of the one of the areas where

28:22technology has not replaced expertise

28:25personal expertise I think it would be

28:28akin to someone that's an art

28:30connoisseur someone that's at the top of

28:31their game in the art world you can't

28:34expect a machine to look at a painting

28:36and know what that person knows from

28:39their experience

28:39it's very similar with gemstones find

28:42Colombian emeralds for example are

28:44bright green with a very faint hint of

28:46blue earning top dollar per carat on the

28:48market while Zambian emeralds are deep

28:50bluish green with exceptionally high

28:53clarity and some Brazilian specimens are

28:55green that's slightly tinted with yellow

28:58Burmese rubies are so superior in color

29:00they're known as Burma red and are

29:03likened to the color of pigeons blood at

29:05market they can fetch twice as much as

29:08any other color of

29:09Ruby's just term pigeon blood red which

29:13is not really a technical term more of a

29:15more of a marketing term it just it's

29:17it's come to mean the best color of red

29:20that can be found in rubies some gems

29:22have more than one color which also

29:24affects grading anisotropic gemstones

29:28when the light splits in two rays and

29:33follows different directions the

29:36absorption and therefore the color of

29:40CERN in each one of those directions may

29:42be different and there are gemstones

29:46that may show two colors in a sapphire

29:50one angle might show a vivid blue but

29:53turn it over and it might have a purple

29:55or green in it some rubies show

29:57different Reds at different angles it is

30:00in the skill of the cutter again two

30:03before deciding how he or she is going

30:06to cut the stone to orient it so that it

30:11will show the best color face up light

30:13source can also affect the color you see

30:15in a stone color trueness and different

30:18types of light affects the desirability

30:20of a stone and therefore its value a

30:23beautiful blue in all lighting

30:25environments can cause a stone to sell

30:28for much more than one that looks

30:30fabulous in this light but then you go

30:32inside and it's it's more purpley blue

30:36trace elements inside gems create

30:38dazzling colors but too much of an

30:41element can cause a myriad of other

30:43problems unfortunately with emeralds and

30:45rubies very often the element or the

30:49trace impurity that gives it the color

30:51the fine color which is usually chromium

30:54is the same element that stresses the

30:57stone during formation atoms of chromium

31:00replace atoms of aluminum of the host

31:02crystal for both rubies and emeralds

31:05once the gem is unearthed the chromium

31:08absorbs all the wavelengths of light

31:10except those we perceive as either red

31:12or green but too much chromium will make

31:15the Ruby or emerald brittle and it can

31:18break

31:19it's a double-edged sword when you're

31:20dealing particularly it seems with

31:22chromium chromium again can also be a

31:24growth inhibitor for Ruby that's why

31:26it's very rare to see two three four

31:30karat Jimmy transparent vivid red rubies

31:34they're yielding prices now hundreds of

31:38thousands of dollars per carat right now

31:40because of that factor Ruby's very

31:43unique when you compare it to a lot of

31:45other gemstones the carat weight of

31:47colored gemstones is also important but

31:49often misunderstood the the actual

31:52weight of diamond for example is lighter

31:56than Ruby and Sapphire and heavier than

32:00an emerald so if you had three stones

32:03that all weighed one carat a one carat

32:07Ruby a one carat emerald and one carat

32:09diamond and they were all cut in the

32:11exact same shape and the same

32:13proportions the ruby or sapphire would

32:17look almost 25% smaller than the diamond

32:21and the emerald will look larger than

32:24the diamond no matter what the carat

32:26weight an expert cut can add tremendous

32:28value to any sized gem it's what makes

32:31the stone come to life color gems are

32:34usually mined in one country and are

32:36sent to another for cutting Thailand's

32:38tradition of cutting sapphires and

32:40rubies dates back centuries

32:41a lot of the sapphire and Ruby are cut

32:44in Thailand but there are cutting

32:47centers all over the world but the bulk

32:49of those will be cut in those areas in

32:51the case of emeralds Brazil is one

32:53country that has become known for both

32:55its rich mines and highly skilled

32:57cutters in the town of Nova era lapidary

33:01Sala Miranda cuts up to a dozen emeralds

33:04a day

33:07have a nightmare my favorite stone to

33:09work and cut is the Emerald because I

33:13was practically born in an emerald site

33:16here

33:18emerald cutting techniques are passed

33:19down from generation to generation my

33:26uncles and parents worked with the

33:28Emerald so this is a stone I've always

33:32been around since I was little and I

33:35learned how to cut emeralds are so

33:37difficult to cut

33:38Salo must consider many factors before

33:41starting work on a new piece of rough

33:51for you to start cutting a stone you

33:54will weigh it to see how you will use

33:55the stone and then you will see where

33:58you will saw if you have inclusions

34:01where you will draw the saw to see the

34:04position you will form you have to

34:07analyze the position of color the

34:10crystallization for you to give its

34:13shape of all the shapes into which an

34:16emerald is cut there is one that is by

34:18far the most popular in fact it's named

34:21after the gem the emerald cut it gets

34:24its name because the shape of the

34:26crystal the emerald crystal itself lends

34:29itself to that shape you can almost see

34:32a box inside a box inside a box and it

34:35creates can create a very lively stone

34:39the emerald is a stone that you cannot

34:42waste a good stone must be used to its

34:46maximum so that you can earn more in

34:48terms of carats in fact most of the time

34:52colored gems are cut to emphasize or

34:54highlight their natural crystal

34:56structure sapphires and rubies because

34:58of the way the rough occurs are usually

35:02cut in what we call a cushion cut which

35:04is sort of them think of a cushion as a

35:06round with squared corners or square

35:09with rounded corners after gemstones are

35:13cut they are often treated to enhance

35:15their natural character and beauty

35:17emeralds are typically treated with an

35:19oil or resin to fill fractures and hide

35:22surface imperfections emeralds are

35:24routinely oiled to enhance their beauty

35:27it's not improving their color it's

35:30improving the clarity and this is going

35:33back to the times of Cleopatra it's

35:35actually noted that emeralds were

35:37actually oiled to make them more

35:38beautiful so it is a very standard

35:41routine practice for emeralds by putting

35:44a colorless oil into those cracks it

35:49provides a medium through which the

35:50light now doesn't stop and get scattered

35:53it travels through so it eliminates that

35:55whitish

35:56so you can actually more accurately and

35:59precisely grade the most important

36:02factor affecting the value the color but

36:06oiling emeralds is just one age-old

36:08treatment sapphires and rubies benefit

36:11from heat treatment inside the earth

36:13extremely high temperatures are crucial

36:15to gemstone formation so heat treatment

36:18is like a continuation of that natural

36:20process in Queensland Australia where

36:24the majority of sapphires are dark inky

36:26blue Peter Brown uses heat to treat

36:28rough crystals in his lapidary workshop

36:30so these are sapphires that have decided

36:32need the heat treatment to lighten some

36:34of them and then to take the silk out of

36:36some of the other ones all the different

36:38colors we put them in a little sapphire

36:42crucible or corundum crucible and then

36:50they go into the oven which is a heat

36:53treating process that goes up to 1400 to

36:561600 degrees Celsius over an eight-hour

36:59period so they reach the maximum

37:00temperature for maybe an air and they

37:02cool down so it's an overnight process

37:04in the oven a special computer program

37:07controls internal temperatures inside

37:09the oven if the critical temperature is

37:11not maintained during the heating

37:13process the sapphires can crack the

37:16inclusions will heat up and expand at a

37:21different rate than the Ruby that holds

37:25them or the Sapphire that hold them and

37:27that may cause the inclusions to open up

37:33fractures within the Ruby

37:37although heat treatment of gemstones is

37:39common practice it can affect price and

37:42should always be disclosed at the point

37:44of sale fine quality untreated sapphires

37:47rubies and emeralds are very rare

37:49command much higher prices and should

37:52always come with a gem testing report as

37:54gemologist we have to be able to

37:56identify if a gem stone has been treated

37:59because so many gemstones are treated

38:02today

38:03these days it's exceptionally rare to

38:05find a beautiful faceted ruby sapphire

38:07or emerald that is untreated without

38:10modern-day heat treatment none of us

38:11would have a job in the jewelry industry

38:13there would not be enough rubies and

38:15sapphires to meet any of the demand that

38:18exists on earth today one reason that

38:20you can go in a jewelry store in any

38:22major city in the world and buy colored

38:25stone jewelry with rubies and sapphires

38:27is because modern-day heat-treatment

38:29rubies and unheated rubies and unheated

38:32sapphires are so rare without that only

38:34the wealthiest people on earth could

38:36afford them so if a buyer wants a stone

38:38of hide color and clarity with fewer

38:40zeros on the price tag a heat-treated

38:43ruby or sapphire is a fantastic and

38:45affordable choice

38:52the elements minerals and geological

38:55conditions required to form gemstones so

38:57rarely occur together within nature

38:59it's a miracle gemstones form at all

39:02current deposits will only get smaller

39:04as they are mined and once a deposit is

39:07completely gone

39:08new deposits may never be found my

39:11suggestion is if you see a nice don't

39:13get it because you never know where

39:16that's going to be in the future those

39:18pockets fry up emeralds especially are

39:21very rare and eventually the deposits

39:24will run out the highest quality

39:26sapphire deposit ever found has already

39:28disappeared which is greatly affected

39:31price most people have heard maybe of

39:34the name of Kashmir sapphires well they

39:36were discovered around 1900 in Kashmir

39:40India and within a very short period of

39:42time within two three years that mine

39:44was depleted but what it produced was

39:47some of the most spectacular

39:49world-famous sapphires that have never

39:52been seen again no other area in that

39:54region no other gemstone know whether

39:56sapphire deposit in the world has

39:58produced a sapphire of love that color

40:00or clarity or quality of all the colors

40:03of corundum available ruby red is by far

40:06the rarest fine quality rubies are

40:09steadily becoming scarce er although

40:11recent discoveries like the ones in

40:13Madagascar will help bolster the supply

40:15for a while the overall world supply

40:18will continue to diminish but recent

40:21scientific breakthroughs have offered an

40:23alternative in 1902 French chemist or

40:27ghost fern Oy perfected the flame fusion

40:30process a quick and easy way of creating

40:32synthetic gem balls or crystals flame

40:35fusion is a method that essentially

40:39smelting the chemical components that

40:43make corundum you have an oxygen

40:48hydrogen torch that is heating a chamber

40:51through which powder in the case of

40:56columbium aluminum oxide drops with the

40:59dopant of chromium or titanium and iron

41:03to give the color and that melt falls us

41:06droplet on a cylinder and it envelopes

41:09the cylinder and the cylinder is lowered

41:12as the bull grows within hours a

41:16synthetic Ruby or sapphire can be grown

41:18using flame fusion but there are

41:20disadvantages

41:21those are bulls are under stress because

41:27they crystallize pretty fast so

41:31typically they break in half lengthwise

41:35so the size the maximum size of the gem

41:38that you're going to get is given by

41:41half the size of the bull there are

41:44several other ways to create higher

41:45quality corundum one is flux growth

41:48which imitates metamorphic conditions

41:50inside the earth where gemstones formed

41:53naturally flux grown rubies and

41:55sapphires are very high quality and

41:58typically runs several hundred dollars

42:00per carat you can get fabulous color in

42:02a flawless gemstone and that color with

42:06that degree of flawlessness virtually

42:08never happens in mother nature if it

42:10does those are the gems that cost

42:12hundreds of thousands to millions of

42:15dollars but in a synthetic like a

42:17synthetic emerald you can have the best

42:19color imaginable in a totally flawless

42:21crystal which just doesn't happen in

42:23mother nature another method for

42:25creating almost flawless gems uses water

42:28other methods to make synthetic gems are

42:33hydrothermal methods where instead of

42:37using a melt the nutrients are dissolved

42:40in water solutions and

42:44the crystal growth from a seed so in

42:49some cases the seed can be still

42:53identified in the grown crystal and it

42:59is in the skill of the cutter not to use

43:01the portion of the crystal that has the

43:03seeds so that that is hidden

43:06both the flux and hydrothermal methods

43:09have produced beautiful gems but just

43:11like natural gems quality comes at a

43:14price

43:14the flux techniques and the hydrothermal

43:17techniques produce the more expensive

43:21type of synthetics because they more

43:24resemble the way in which nature works

43:27and take far more time whereas by flame

43:31fusions a bull can be grown in hours it

43:34may take you know months to grow

43:38hydrothermal gemstone some synthetic

43:43gems so perfectly mimic the real deal it

43:46can take a lot of effort to identify the

43:47differences I bought one of the finest 3

43:51karat Burma rubies in the world it was

43:54superb and I had a client that wanted to

43:57buy it but it was under the condition

43:59that it had a lab certificate with it

44:01saying that it was Burmese Ruby and it

44:03was natural I sent it off to the lab and

44:07he said he needed to have it for quite a

44:09while I asked him what the problem was

44:11and he said I'm having a tough time

44:13determining whether it's genuine or not

44:15now after you spend a lot of money and

44:18you hear that you really start to worry

44:19and he said we're gonna shoot an x-ray

44:22fluorescence spectrometer on that and

44:24see if we can determine if their trace

44:27minerals there that are found in Burma

44:29and sure enough after several days and

44:34me was sleepless nights I found out that

44:36it was in fact a natural gemstone but it

44:39took several people working at all the

44:41major labs to determine whether it was

44:45man-made or natural as major gem testing

44:48labs have developed new testing methods

44:50the line between natural and synthetic

44:52is less murky

44:54the greatest challenge for the synthetic

44:56industry has not been the manufacturing

44:58process it has been in gaining

45:00acceptance by gem connoisseurs who want

45:03to know their gemstone was formed

45:04naturally over billions of years with no

45:07help from man a gemstone synthetic is a

45:10gem that's been made in a laboratory

45:11that wasn't mined it wasn't made by

45:13Mother Nature deep within the earth 100

45:16million years ago it was made by a

45:18laboratory perhaps in China two weeks

45:22ago

45:22that's the difference but chemically

45:24optically and physically it is a ruby

45:26it's not a fake it is a ruby but what's

45:30a ruby like that worth compared to that

45:32million dollar Ruby that was found the

45:34best ruby found in the last five years

45:36at a mocha Burma that's the difference

45:38rubies sapphires and emeralds are

45:40considered precious because they are

45:42beautiful durable and most of all rare

45:45as time goes on scientists will likely

45:48continue to find more inexpensive and

45:50faster ways to recreate in the lab what

45:53mother nature took eons to produce but

45:56whether the product is of science or

45:58nature like the kings and Pharaohs of

46:01ancient times mankind will always value

46:04the alluring beauty and timeless

46:06elegance of a precious gem

📚 Общая библиотека (инструменты, развлекательные форматы)

Референсы без привязки к конкретному камню — можно переиспользовать в Pillar 2/3 (инструменты, сравнения, развлекательные forматы).

▶

Gem vs. Gem Death Match

Gemstones · 5:04 · 780 403 views

Наталья: «хотя вот повеселее))»

Transcript (131 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:00If you're a fan of Pokémon Go, I'm sure

0:02you know all about gym battles. It's

0:04where you take your little friends you

0:05captured against their will and make

0:07them fight each other. They gain skills,

0:09you level up, and it's an overall great

0:11time. Lucky for the Pokémon, they aren't

0:13actually real, so their enslavement is

0:15entirely fictional. And lucky for you,

0:17it's not 2016 and this isn't an episode

0:20about Pokémon. If you want to watch one

0:22of those, try this one. But we're not

0:24going to have gym battles, we're going

0:26to have gem battles.

0:35SEE, I HAD A PLAN THE WHOLE TIME. You

0:38shouldn't have doubted me. But before we

0:40keep going, I want to thank you guys for

0:41taking a moment to click on that bell so

0:44you know every time we release a new

0:46video. First in the octagon that I

0:49assume sits atop a brilliant cut stone

0:52are the mighty emerald and the awesome

0:54aquamarine. Both of these gems are

0:56varieties of beryl, which evens the

0:58playing field a bit. But there are a

1:00couple of key differences that may give

1:02one of the stones an advantage. The bold

1:05greeniness of emerald is certainly

1:07impressive and some might argue is more

1:09striking than the color of aquamarine. A

1:12famous Roman historian once said of

1:14emeralds, "Nothing greens greener." But

1:16the stone's toughness or resistance to

1:18breakage is generally less than that of

1:20aquamarine despite clocking in around an

1:22eight on the Mohs hardness scale. This

1:25also makes finding high clarity emeralds

1:27really challenging, which is why the

1:29purest of emeralds can be hecka

1:30expensive. Some unearths emeralds have

1:33exhibited a radial or spoke pattern

1:35called a trapiche emerald. While I'm not

1:38sure this gives the emerald a strategic

1:39advantage over aquamarine, it may make

1:42the opposing stone green with envy,

1:44which brings me to emerald's formidable

1:46crystalline opponent, aquamarine. The

1:48blue hue always comes from iron ions and

1:50its shade depends on whether it's iron

1:52two or combination of iron two and

1:55three.

1:56This gives the stone a strategic

1:57advantage over emerald. Though both

1:59stones are about an eight on the Mohs

2:01scale, aquamarine isn't nearly as

2:03brittle as emerald. So a swift kick to

2:05the girdle would do more damage to an

2:07emerald than an aquamarine. But a slight

2:10edge on strength isn't the whole

2:11picture. One could argue that this comes

2:14down to a beauty contest. While a

2:16faceted aquamarine is stunning, its

2:18color usually isn't as bold as a vibrant

2:20green emerald. If you want a blue that

2:22blues like emerald's green, you'll have

2:24to look beyond aquamarine. Wow, I turned

2:27into Dr. Seuss there for a second. Now,

2:29I'm not pooh-poohing on our friend

2:30aquamarine. The subtle hue of this stone

2:33is still striking. This is simply where

2:35gem battles get subjective. So let me

2:38know in the comments which gem you find

2:40superior. But that's not all, we

2:42actually have a triple threat match

2:44between diamond, quartz, and jade.

2:48There's an old saying amongst

2:49gemologists, "If you hit a diamond with

2:51a hammer, it'll shatter into a dozen

2:53pieces. Hit a piece of quartz with a

2:55hammer, it'll split in two. Hit a piece

2:57of jade with a hammer, it'll ring like a

2:59bell."

3:00Diamond gets a lot of credit for being

3:02the hardest gem, but if it's more prone

3:04to shatter, how's that possible? This

3:07comes down to a misunderstanding of the

3:09term hardness in gemology, which is what

3:11may give diamond's competitors an

3:13advantage. We saw this a little bit in

3:15the matchup between emerald and

3:16aquamarine, two stones of similar

3:18hardness, one being more brittle than

3:21the other. In layman's terms, hardness

3:23really just means scratchability.

3:25Diamond being the least scratchable gem

3:27out there and talc being so scratchable

3:29you can do it with your fingernail. Any

3:31stone that's higher on the Mohs scale

3:33can scratch any softer stone on the same

3:35scale. A diamond can scratch both quartz

3:38and jade. A quartz can scratch jade, but

3:40jade can't scratch quartz or diamond and

3:42quartz can't scratch diamond. Wow, that

3:45felt like a word problem, but you get

3:46what I mean. So, let's get back to the

3:49proverbial hammer and say it has a

3:50hardness of five or six. That hammer

3:53isn't scratching anything, but it could

3:55certainly shatter the diamond because of

3:57its low tenacity or resistance to blows.

4:00On the tenacity scale, these stones rank

4:02in the opposite direction. Jade has an

4:05extremely tough tenacity, quartz has a

4:07moderately tough tenacity, and diamonds

4:09are comparatively brittle. This evens

4:12out the playing field a bit. One could

4:14argue that since most people aren't

4:15hammering their gemstones and scratching

4:17is a far more likely hazard to

4:19encounter, diamond still may have the

4:21strategic edge. But if our friends jade

4:24and quartz decide to tag in Mr. Hammer,

4:27then diamond better watch his pavilion.

4:30Which gem do you think would come out on

4:32top? Is this the most expensive fight

4:35between inanimate objects you've ever

4:37imagined? Let us know down in the

4:38comments and don't forget to like and

4:40subscribe. For more information on

4:42hardness and tenacity, check out the

4:44links below. Thanks for watching.

▶

The Most Essential Gem Tools You Should Own

Gemstones · 5:51 · 106 791 views

Наталья: «тут вообще весь канал интересный, можно прям всмотреться»

Transcript (162 lines) — клик по тайм-коду открывает YouTube на нужной секунде

0:00if you're a budding rockhound or maybe

0:01even looking to get into a career in

0:03gemology then you've clicked on the

0:04Right video today we're going to discuss

0:06the most essential gemological tools

0:08that every beginner should own our first

0:11essential gem tool is a small flashlight

0:13called a pen light requiring only one

0:16AAA Battery it's great for on the go and

0:18it serves many purposes you can tell

0:20whether a stone is truly opaque or has a

0:23little transparency which is huge when

0:25trying to determine the identity of the

0:26stone it can tell you if a stone has a

0:28color change or a slight color shift by

0:30changing the lighting temperature with

0:32the flashlight

0:33it also works well with other tools

0:35which we'll get into in a moment imagine

0:37all the old Alchemists doing this stuff

0:39by candlelight and then imagine what

0:41they could have done with a flashlight

0:42but alas the electric hand flashlight

0:45was not invented until the 1890s

0:47our next two tools look very similar but

0:50they do very different things let's

0:52start with the Chelsea color filter

0:54gemstones remove certain wavelengths of

0:56color from the white light entering them

0:58and we can then use color filters to

1:00remove other wavelengths passing out of

1:02the gem the color observed through this

1:04filter can help you differentiate

1:05between materials of a similar body

1:07color it was developed in 1934 with the

1:10purpose of helping gemologists

1:12differentiate between natural emerald

1:13and other green gems such as green

1:15sapphire tourmaline peridot and

1:17simulants like Green Glass but how does

1:20it work

1:21a Chelsea filter is a dichromatic

1:24Optical filter that means only two

1:26wavelengths of light can pass through

1:27deep red wavelengths around 690

1:30nanometers and yellow green wavelengths

1:32around 570 nanometers Emerald is one of

1:35the few green stones that transmits a

1:37good portion of the deep red part of the

1:39spectrum and absorbs a large part of the

1:41orange yellow this means that when

1:44viewed through the Chelsea filter many

1:45emeralds will appear red or reddish pink

1:48due to their chromium content imitators

1:50like Green Glass and composite Stones

1:52like suede Emerald will simply appear

1:54green next is the London dicroscope you

1:57may notice it looks a lot like the

1:59Chelsea filter but with a few key

2:01differences namely London dicroscope

2:04plastered on the side but if you look a

2:06little closer it has a polarizing filter

2:08not a colored one what is that you ask

2:10let me explain

2:12when you view a colored doubly

2:14refractive material what you're seeing

2:16is a mix of two or three polarized

2:18vibration directions the stone may

2:21appear a slightly different color from a

2:23different angle called pleochroism many

2:25pleochroic materials absorb light waves

2:28differently within different vibration

2:29directions throughout its crystalline

2:31structure the dicroscope has two

2:33polarizing filters at 90 degrees to each

2:36other allowing you to look at a gem and

2:38determine if it's pleochroic and

2:39isolating the different colors upon a

2:41rotation of the stone now we're on to

2:44one of the most useful tools that should

2:45be included in every budding gemologist

2:47kit The Humble tweezers tweezers have

2:50been around for a long time and are

2:52known to have been used in pre-dynastic

2:54Egypt now there are a lot of different

2:57kinds of gemological tweezers there are

2:59diamond tweezers bead tweezers silicon

3:01tipped tweezers for extremely soft gems

3:04cross lock tweezers and four prong

3:06tweezers just to name a few for the

3:08purposes of this video we recommend

3:09starting with your basic stainless steel

3:11tweezer most basic tweezers will be

3:14about six to six and a half inches in

3:15length they're textured at the tip to

3:18help you grip the stone by its girdle

3:19now you don't have to squeeze very

3:21tightly minimal pressure around the

3:22girdle of the stone will be enough to

3:24let you hold it securely for viewing

3:26once you're comfortable with them you'll

3:28wonder how you ever lived without them a

3:30gem in tweezers can easily be held under

3:32bright light for observing internal and

3:34external characteristics which is

3:36essential for identifying gems you can

3:39use them for other tests like dipping a

3:40stone into water to see if it's a

3:42composite or for holding it under a UV

3:44light to see if there's a reaction plus

3:46it's just handy in keeping fingerprints

3:48and oils from your skin off of a stone

3:50which can be mistaken for inclusions our

3:53final tool may be the single most

3:55important one a Jeweler's loop the loop

3:58may have been invented thousands of

4:00years ago it's been said that Egyptians

4:02used chips of Crystal or natural

4:04obsidian glass to better view small

4:06objects in Rome Emperor Nero was said to

4:09have peered through gemstones at actors

4:11on a distant stage however the first

4:13magnifier constructed for a scientific

4:15purpose is believed to have been

4:16designed by the English philosopher

4:18Roger Bacon in the year 1250. a 10 times

4:22Loop is normally a combination of two or

4:24more components one a doublet lens that

4:27reduces the Distortion seen in a single

4:29lens and two a triplet lens that

4:31eliminates color fringes prevents

4:33Distortion and has a bit of a larger

4:34working distance

4:36so how do you choose a good Loop you can

4:39look for Loops described as a chromatic

4:41no color fringes and a planatic no

4:43distortion

4:44you can check for the absence of color

4:46fringes and a lack of distortion by

4:48viewing a piece of white graph paper in

4:50a strong light the regularity of the

4:53lines through the lenses field of view

4:54will give you an indication of quality

4:56remember to choose a loop with a plain

4:58polished metal or black casing fancier

5:01colored Loops could reflect some of the

5:03color into your stone which can muddle

5:05your observations a little bit well guys

5:07we hope this was a good lesson in how to

5:09start your very own gemological toolkit

5:11as you get better with these tools you

5:13can start to explore more advanced ones

5:15like the spectroscope or the polariscope

5:17tell us what other gemological tools

5:19would you like to know more about you

5:21can also visit gemstones.com where we

5:23have a wide range of articles about gems

5:25and how to identify them and as always

5:27don't forget to like And subscribe and

5:29ring that Bell so you don't miss out on

5:31future episodes thanks for watching

5:44foreign

🔬 Сквозная тема · Сертификация и проверка камней

Эта тема проходит через все выпуски S1. Наталья выделила её как один из ключевых блоков — материал полезен зрителю независимо от конкретного камня.

📖

Что должно быть в сертификате3 ключевых поля: Species (минерал), Origin (месторождение) и Treatment (облагораживание). Без них сертификат — бумажка.

🏷️

Маркетинговые терминыPigeon Blood (рубин-эталон), Crimson Red (Gübelin, для камней без флуоресценции), Vibrant, Flower Royal Blue (GRS, для сапфиров) — за каждым термином стоит конкретный диапазон цвета и обработки.

🔍

Как проверить сертификатЗабить номер на сайте лаборатории (GRS/SSEF/GIA/Gübelin) → сверить символ-в-символ с фоткой. Фото камня на сайте должно совпадать с тем, что у вас в руках.

💎

Бриллианты: лазерный номер на рундистеGIA ставит номер сертификата лазером на рундист (ободок) бриллианта. Сверяется под микроскопом или лупой.

⚠️

Ловушка выращенных камнейСовременная синтетика настолько хороша, что на неё можно нанести номер реального сертификата. Защита — двойная проверка (перед покупкой + у себя в руках) и лабораторный retest. Без лаборатории отличить натуральный от выращенного бриллианта невозможно.

🔗

Лаборатории мираGRS (Lucerne/Bangkok/NY), SSEF (Basel), Gübelin (Lucerne), GIA (Carlsbad), AGL (NY). Каждая закупает свои образцы и имеет свой стандарт именования цветов. Один и тот же камень у разных лабораторий получит разные имена.

🎙️ Zoom-встреча 2026-04-21 · о чём говорили

Язык: ruДлительность: 42:00Реплик: 245Наталья: 25 минРоман: 9 мин